Use of a variable ND should really only be used for video or when you only need to cut down a stop or two of light. Long exposure should utilize a regular ND filter. Depending on how long you're going, somewhere between 3-8 stops. A variable ND filter is essentially just two polarized filters together so when you use them anywhere past half their tolerance you start to get that X. I should note that there are some new variable ND's that have figured out how to lessen or eliminate this but they are several hundred dollars.