Primes Comparison Map #2 (m4/3 vs Canon vs Nikon)

This was prior to micro-lenses being introduced, and Olympus now seem happy to ignore the f/2 limit on Micro FT.
Every single Olympus DSLR has had microlenses on the sensor, as has every single DSLR made by anyone else, with the exception of the Kodak 14MP FF DSLR's. Same applies to compacts. Microlenses were introduced, way, way back before still cameras were digital.
Kodaks spec for the E1 sensor mentions microlenses, however we also need to take into account the efficiency of older microlens designs an less dense sensors, Clearly this is one area which has advanced.
I seem to recall microlenses being introduced as a new "feature" sometime in the early 2000's. That would have been after Olympus were through the main design phase for the FT system.

In any case, if Olympus designed the FT system based on assumptions about existing microlenses (instead of no microlenses) then that would still make sense of their decision to pursue telecentricity, and eschew lenses faster than f/2.
as does the deeper sensor crop, 2x will be more resistant than 1.6x
Whether that turned out to be a competitive difference is another issue, and it seems that f/2 is no longer a boundary for Micro FT. (The reduced sensor to mount distance would make telecentricity a lot more difficult, so I guess it got binned as a design goal.)
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Riley

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Coroander supplies a table here:
http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1041&message=41616576
and since the issue affect both FF and APS-C, there's little reason to expect that 4/3 and mFT are exempt. In fact, it's even possible that Olympus was aware of the issue long before, and this is why they chose not to make lenses faster than f/2 for 4/3.
There was an engineering decision made. The f/2 limit concerned maintaining telecentricity, as far as I am aware. This was prior to micro-lenses being introduced, and Olympus now seem happy to ignore the f/2 limit on Micro FT.
This problem appears "fixable" to at least some extent, as you can see from the comparison of the EV drop of the Canon 40D and 7D (the 7D showing a marked improvement).
the problem is off axis light which the microlenses are not containing, the very thing telecentric was meant to overcome.
The problem is not 'off-axis light'. The problem is the angle of the light cone projected from the exit pupil. Telecentricity has nothing at all to do with it.
preamble

Our measurements all point in the same direction: as you go further than f 4 – to f 2 and wider, the accrued quantity of light falls marginally onto the sensor. A stronger and stronger part of this additional light is blocked or lost. I am therefore inclined to question the real benefit of faster lenses.”

condition

“We can suspect,” Guichard continued, “that sensors collect the incoming light all the more improperly, in that this light comes from a more oblique angle. Since faster lens have, by definition, a wider opening, they raise the proportion of oblique light, hence the proportion of lost energy which never lands on the pixels.”

oblique angle = off axis light
Oblique angle = angle of light cone. Sorry that is the right interpretation of this little bit of web text translated from the French. To get to it you need to work through it, not just rely on one particular interpretation of a single (translated) source. I got onto it when I used to go around saying there were no downsides to smaller pixels. I was challenged on the basis of this f-number drop-off and was referred to this paper:
http://www.imageval.com/public/Papers/EI%205678-01%20Peter%20Catrysse.pdf

By Catrysse and Wandell of Stanford. I worked it through, worked it out myself from a different direction, got the same answer, so I now believe I fully understand this issue. And it is the light cone angle, not 'oblique light'. Telecentricity does not affect it, since it doesn't change that light cone angle.
The microlenses being gapless means thay have to work on the lightpipe below, as their is no further room on the surface of the sensor, they cant get bigger than they are..
The issue is the speed of the microlenses, which needs to be faster than the taking lens by a factor of the linear fill factor of the silicon underneath. The aperture of the microlens can't be larger than the pixel size, so the only way of reducing the f-number is reducing the FL which means a low stack height.
which would rule out stacked microlenses
'Stacked microlenses' are one solution. It's like making a retrofocal microlens, it can have a longer back focus for a short FL, and the inner lens can actually be made to fit inside the light tube formed by the metallisation.
Panasonic sensors have an architecture which reduces the wiring required for a pixel, so can have a lower stack height.
the issues have been well known for some time, and quite exactly are meant to deal with the situation you previously describe the angle of the light cone projected from the exit pupil

Joseph W

Ordinary retrofocus lenses move the exit pupil just far enough to clear an SLR mirror. A lens can be made more "digital friendly" if the exit pupil is moved farther than this. For example, the Nikon 17-35mm f2.8 lens has an exit pupil that ranges from 98mm (at the wide 17mm setting) to 78mm at the 35mm telephoto setting. The Sigma DG lenses also feature such "extreme" 80mm exit pupils. Camera and lens companies refer to such lenses as "telecentric". This is a slight exaggeration: a true telecentric lens has an exit pupil an infinite (mathematically, anyway) distance from the sensor. This causes the light to arrive perpendicular to the sensor. It is also costly, and creates problems, so 80-90mm "near telecentric" lenses are considered the norm.

This table shows that a lens with an exit pupil 52mm from the film plane (typical of Nikon or Canon wide angles) has the potential for severe vignetting on a 1.0x or 1.3x crop camera, and noticeable vignetting on 1.5x or 1.6x cameras. (1.7x and 2.0x cameras are essentially immune to such vignetting). Increasing the exit pupil to 80mm means that the 1.0x camera may have objectionable vignetting, but 1.3x to 2x cameras will have no vignetting at all.
That has nothing to do with this issue. Telecentricity does not change the angle of the light cone, it is constant for a give f-number.
higher density sensors just seem to be rejigging the conditions, for which I assume some makers arent going to care. The conditions super fast lenses setup are a minority issue, and it happens where the light is the most abundant anyway, hence where the system is best able to tolerate less light.
Lots of the tricks used for phonecam and P&S sensors can be applied, light pipes, dual element microlenses, and even BSI.

--
Bob
 
This was prior to micro-lenses being introduced, and Olympus now seem happy to ignore the f/2 limit on Micro FT.
Every single Olympus DSLR has had microlenses on the sensor, as has every single DSLR made by anyone else, with the exception of the Kodak 14MP FF DSLR's. Same applies to compacts. Microlenses were introduced, way, way back before still cameras were digital.
Kodaks spec for the E1 sensor mentions microlenses, however we also need to take into account the efficiency of older microlens designs an less dense sensors, Clearly this is one area which has advanced.
That is true. The factor that matters is the silicon fill factor relative to the microlens so the olf 5D fares well despite having a really inefficient sensor because its huge pixels allow a high effective fill factor under a less than 100% microlens.
--
Bob
 
Thanks for putting the charts together! Nice way to see what each system has to offer!

I guess the noobs who just figured out what DoF is have to concoct ways of showing this giant feat of theirs by getting in stupid fights... geez. what the freak is wrong with you people????

--
http://emptyspacesproject.wordpress.com/
 
Joseph W

Ordinary retrofocus lenses move the exit pupil just far enough to clear an SLR mirror. A lens can be made more "digital friendly" if the exit pupil is moved farther than this. For example, the Nikon 17-35mm f2.8 lens has an exit pupil that ranges from 98mm (at the wide 17mm setting) to 78mm at the 35mm telephoto setting. The Sigma DG lenses also feature such "extreme" 80mm exit pupils. Camera and lens companies refer to such lenses as "telecentric". This is a slight exaggeration: a true telecentric lens has an exit pupil an infinite (mathematically, anyway) distance from the sensor. This causes the light to arrive perpendicular to the sensor. It is also costly, and creates problems, so 80-90mm "near telecentric" lenses are considered the norm.

This table shows that a lens with an exit pupil 52mm from the film plane (typical of Nikon or Canon wide angles) has the potential for severe vignetting on a 1.0x or 1.3x crop camera, and noticeable vignetting on 1.5x or 1.6x cameras. (1.7x and 2.0x cameras are essentially immune to such vignetting). Increasing the exit pupil to 80mm means that the 1.0x camera may have objectionable vignetting, but 1.3x to 2x cameras will have no vignetting at all.
That has nothing to do with this issue. Telecentricity does not change the angle of the light cone, it is constant for a give f-number.
from JW

Ordinary retrofocus lenses move the exit pupil just far enough to clear an SLR mirror. A lens can be made more "digital friendly" if the exit pupil is moved farther than this. For example, the Nikon 17-35mm f2.8 lens has an exit pupil that ranges from 98mm (at the wide 17mm setting) to 78mm at the 35mm telephoto setting. The Sigma DG lenses also feature such "extreme" 80mm exit pupils. Camera and lens companies refer to such lenses as "telecentric". This is a slight exaggeration: a true telecentric lens has an exit pupil an infinite (mathematically, anyway) distance from the sensor. This causes the light to arrive perpendicular to the sensor. It is also costly, and creates problems, so 80-90mm "near telecentric" lenses are considered the norm.
  • so extended exit pupil describes more a perpendicular light path, and are referred to as 'telecentric'
This table shows that a lens with an exit pupil 52mm from the film plane (typical of Nikon or Canon wide angles) has the potential for severe vignetting on a 1.0x or 1.3x crop camera, and noticeable vignetting on 1.5x or 1.6x cameras. (1.7x and 2.0x cameras are essentially immune to such vignetting). Increasing the exit pupil to 80mm means that the 1.0x camera may have objectionable vignetting, but 1.3x to 2x cameras will have no vignetting at all.
  • here in effect, reduced image circle and more distant exit pupil, contribute to reducing off axis light. Thereby tightening the light cone with light arriving at the sensor at closer to perpendicular angles. In achieving steep perpendicular light angles Olympus are benefited by a 2x crop factor.
light angles are described in degrees from perpendicular



table attributed to Joseph S. Wisniewski
higher density sensors just seem to be rejigging the conditions, for which I assume some makers arent going to care. The conditions super fast lenses setup are a minority issue, and it happens where the light is the most abundant anyway, hence where the system is best able to tolerate less light.
Lots of the tricks used for phonecam and P&S sensors can be applied, light pipes, dual element microlenses, and even BSI.

--
Bob
--
Riley

any similarity to persons living or dead is coincidental and unintended
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So for all these "anti-equivalence" clowns, you really don't care about framing or perspective when you shoot photos?
since no anti-equivalence clowns have bothered to respond to you I shall proffer an answer on their behalf. On the matter of framing or perspective when I shoot photos, I can say absolutely that I care, but likely care so much I NEVER waste a moment on relating what im doing to 135 or any other format.

All equivalence is good for is as a basis for cross format comparison, or copying a method from another photographer who is using a different format. It wont teach you how to shoot from within the confines of one format.

your notion is quite clueless
i believe it, but Im not going there to check

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Riley

any similarity to persons living or dead is coincidental and unintended
support 1022 Sunday Scapes'
 
This is a slight exaggeration: a true telecentric lens has an exit pupil an infinite (mathematically, anyway) distance from the sensor. This causes the light to arrive perpendicular to the sensor. It is also costly, and creates problems, so 80-90mm "near telecentric" lenses are considered the norm./
Just stop and think about the geometry of the situation. Suppose we have an f/2 lens. The rays reaching a point on the sensor from the exit pupil fill a cone from that point to the exit pupil. The angle of that cone is 28 degrees. It is the same for all f/2 lenses, and does not depend on the position of the exit pupil. Take an f/1.4 lens, the angle of the cone is 39 degrees, again, independent of the position of the exit pupil. Take an f/1.0 lens and that angle is 53 degrees. It is thin increasing angle that causes the rays at the edges of the light cone to fail to be refracted onto the photoreceptor. This is an effect that occurs even in the centre of the field, where the light cone is perpendicular to the sensor, telecentric or not.

The telecentric idea is a solution to corner shading or vignetting, which is a different problem which occurs when the whole light cone is non-perpendicular, such as in the corners (although microlenses with a reserve of 'speed' will be better with respect to corner shading than one which don't)
--
Bob
 
Where'd you get this chart:



It's not hosted on DxOMark. Seems you'd want to link the source, right?
i believe some bloke did it in his spare time.....i am not joking btw.
The question really is the source of data for the EM-5, and whether it is comparable with the source for everything else (DxOmark), and credible.

--
Bob
 
Most people who read these forums realize that focal length is a property of the lens, and that what defines a normal or short telephoto is a property of both the focal length and the sensor size. So replace the focal lengths in the chart with categories, such as super wide, wide, normal, short telephoto and be done with it. Or relabel the horizontal axis to read 35mm equivalent focal length.

Try not to be so pedantic - it will raise your blood pressure.
 
Thanks for the charts and never mind the equivalence bo||ocks. Framing is 10x more important than every other blabber that's being discussed here.

I would even go as far as suggesting you start another thread with 35mm equivalence titles because this one is already blown. Anyway we already know this isn't a forum about photography.

Now, having put that behind I feel there is a major flaw in your charts. And this is it:
  • Only original manufacturers (No tamron/sigma/voitlander etc…)
  • Only AF lenses
Even though those two requirements might make sense for Nikon/Canon they don't make any sense when you are talking about the m43 System since it's a much more open format and there are amazing gems that compete with the best of the best m43 glass. The two F/0.95 Voigts or the Samyang 7.5mm (which exceeds the Panasonic fisheye solution in almost every IQ aspect) are notable examples.

M43 isn't exclusively about photography either and this is another point that explains how popular those lenses have become and how difficult it is to get them anywhere.

--
Duarte Bruno
 
This was prior to micro-lenses being introduced, and Olympus now seem happy to ignore the f/2 limit on Micro FT.
Every single Olympus DSLR has had microlenses on the sensor, as has every single DSLR made by anyone else, with the exception of the Kodak 14MP FF DSLR's. Same applies to compacts. Microlenses were introduced, way, way back before still cameras were digital.
I seem to recall microlenses being introduced as a new "feature" sometime in the early 2000's. That would have been after Olympus were through the main design phase for the FT system.
Your recollection is at fault, then. Microlenses have been an integral part of image sensor design since the 1990's. The Kodak sensors around which the Four Thirds system was designed all had microlenses.
In any case, if Olympus designed the FT system based on assumptions about existing microlenses (instead of no microlenses) then that would still make sense of their decision to pursue telecentricity, and eschew lenses faster than f/2.
The need for 'telecentrity' arises because of the use of microlenses, which have a limited acceptance angle. The FillFactory CMOS chip used in the Kodak DSLR's did away with microlenses (note, it was not pre microlens, it was designed specifically as a supposedly superior alternative) as an approach to the same problem. And of course, 'telecentricity' was a sensible design course and still is, which is why all the manufacturers used it in their digital lenses.
Whether that turned out to be a competitive difference is another issue, and it seems that f/2 is no longer a boundary for Micro FT. (The reduced sensor to mount distance would make telecentricity a lot more difficult, so I guess it got binned as a design goal.)
The reduced sensor to mount distance does not make telecentricity more difficult at all, in fact it makes some interesting telecentric optical configurations possible. The provision of a distant exit pupil does not mean that there must not be any elements close to the sensor, in fact there can be with advantage, typically field flatteners. The poor thinking of Olympus, IMO, was imposing a long register which excluded such solutions, and also more compact non-telecentric lenses when offset microlenses became available.

Part of the confusion has been sown by Olympus marketing, which made up a number of stories to bolster Four Thirds, which are not, shall we say, the whole truth. Amongst them are:
  • Telecentricity requires a long lens mount register. This is simply false.
  • Telecentricity is unique to Four Thirds. This is false. Every system manufacturer employs the concept in their designed for digital lenses. The difference of course is that Four Thirds does not have any lenses not designed for digital.
  • All four Thirds lenses are near-telecentric. This is simply not true.
--
Bob
 
Where'd you get this chart:



It's not hosted on DxOMark. Seems you'd want to link the source, right?
i believe some bloke did it in his spare time.....i am not joking btw.
The question really is the source of data for the EM-5, and whether it is comparable with the source for everything else (DxOmark), and credible.
Bob & Joe, see here:
http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1041&message=41615417
 
The reduced sensor to mount distance does not make telecentricity more difficult at all, in fact it makes some interesting telecentric optical configurations possible. The provision of a distant exit pupil does not mean that there must not be any elements close to the sensor, in fact there can be with advantage, typically field flatteners. The poor thinking of Olympus, IMO, was imposing a long register which excluded such solutions, and also more compact non-telecentric lenses when offset microlenses became available.
Part of the reason for the register is the mirror. Olympus DSLRs don't have a lot of clear space. Then when you get the sideways-swinging mirror in the E-3xx you have no clear space.

How small a register can you get when you must allow for a mirror? Possibly a bit less than Olympus decided on, but that was a conscious decision with a few goals in mind.
Part of the confusion has been sown by Olympus marketing, which made up a number of stories to bolster Four Thirds, which are not, shall we say, the whole truth. Amongst them are:
  • Telecentricity requires a long lens mount register. This is simply false.
I'm pretty sure they said that a long register assists telecentric design. You seem to be arguing that it doesn't, but also seem to be adding extra lens elements. Given that lens designs are a compromise, and must be competitive, are Olympus more correct on this point than you?
  • Telecentricity is unique to Four Thirds. This is false. Every system manufacturer employs the concept in their designed for digital lenses. The difference of course is that Four Thirds does not have any lenses not designed for digital.
Olympus never claimed "unique", to be fair. They did, indeed, push the designed for digital from scratch message. At the time, a good idea.
  • All four Thirds lenses are near-telecentric. This is simply not true.
I haven't seen that claim by Olympus.
 
I think this is a very nicely done and valuable comparison. Yes, the 12/2.0 is not exactly equal to a 24/2.0, but FL+aperture is the best comparison vehicle that exists.

Kudos.

Skip
 
Where'd you get this chart:



It's not hosted on DxOMark. Seems you'd want to link the source, right?
i believe some bloke did it in his spare time.....i am not joking btw.
The question really is the source of data for the EM-5, and whether it is comparable with the source for everything else (DxOmark), and credible.
Bob & Joe, see here:
http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1041&message=41615417
Thanks, and since he posts the raws, he has allowed others to validate it if they want to.

It also triangulates quite well with Andy Westlakes blur circle analysis of the GF-1
http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1018&message=36768003

that is, if you accept the premise that these are both Panasonic ν-Maicovicon architecture sensors, with its low stack height.
--
Bob
 
The poor thinking of Olympus, IMO, was imposing a long register
I find the sensor diagonal to register ratio is basically no different from anything else, and certainly not an outlier.

perhaps you should post your workings on this
which excluded such solutions, and also more compact non-telecentric lenses when offset microlenses became available.
--
Riley

any similarity to persons living or dead is coincidental and unintended
support 1022 Sunday Scapes'
 
The reduced sensor to mount distance does not make telecentricity more difficult at all, in fact it makes some interesting telecentric optical configurations possible. The provision of a distant exit pupil does not mean that there must not be any elements close to the sensor, in fact there can be with advantage, typically field flatteners. The poor thinking of Olympus, IMO, was imposing a long register which excluded such solutions, and also more compact non-telecentric lenses when offset microlenses became available.
Part of the reason for the register is the mirror. Olympus DSLRs don't have a lot of clear space. Then when you get the sideways-swinging mirror in the E-3xx you have no clear space.
All DSLR's have a mirror. Canons have a register 1.83 times the frame height, the FT register is 3.0 times the frame height.
How small a register can you get when you must allow for a mirror? Possibly a bit less than Olympus decided on, but that was a conscious decision with a few goals in mind.
If they engineered it as Canon did, they could have a 24mm register. Kind of interesting, if they'd made the register just 5mm more on mFT, they could have used the mount also for DSLRs.
Part of the confusion has been sown by Olympus marketing, which made up a number of stories to bolster Four Thirds, which are not, shall we say, the whole truth. Amongst them are:
  • Telecentricity requires a long lens mount register. This is simply false.
I'm pretty sure they said that a long register assists telecentric design.
How would it do that? Take the same design, put an extension tube behind it, put it on a short regisetr. hoe has the long register aided that design?
You seem to be arguing that it doesn't, but also seem to be adding extra lens elements.
I am not adding them, I say you can add them, with advantage. A short register give that opportunity.
Given that lens designs are a compromise, and must be competitive, are Olympus more correct on this point than you?
Well, we're only going on your memory of your interpretation of what Olympus marketing material said. That is a long way from what their optical designers said and thought, which you simply don't know.
  • Telecentricity is unique to Four Thirds. This is false. Every system manufacturer employs the concept in their designed for digital lenses. The difference of course is that Four Thirds does not have any lenses not designed for digital.
Olympus never claimed "unique", to be fair. They did, indeed, push the designed for digital from scratch message. At the time, a good idea.
Yes, an excellent marketing idea. However, whatever they really said, a fair few of the Olympus faithful seem to have the idea that it only applies to Olympus.
  • All four Thirds lenses are near-telecentric. This is simply not true.
I haven't seen that claim by Olympus.
Again, it is something some people seem to have got into their minds. Otherwise we would not have these interminable propositions that FT is better because of telecentricity, when it is something all systems have and Olympus does not have universally.
--
Bob
 
This is a slight exaggeration: a true telecentric lens has an exit pupil an infinite (mathematically, anyway) distance from the sensor. This causes the light to arrive perpendicular to the sensor. It is also costly, and creates problems, so 80-90mm "near telecentric" lenses are considered the norm./
Just stop and think about the geometry of the situation. Suppose we have an f/2 lens. The rays reaching a point on the sensor from the exit pupil fill a cone from that point to the exit pupil. The angle of that cone is 28 degrees. It is the same for all f/2 lenses, and does not depend on the position of the exit pupil. Take an f/1.4 lens, the angle of the cone is 39 degrees, again, independent of the position of the exit pupil. Take an f/1.0 lens and that angle is 53 degrees. It is thin increasing angle that causes the rays at the edges of the light cone to fail to be refracted onto the photoreceptor. This is an effect that occurs even in the centre of the field, where the light cone is perpendicular to the sensor, telecentric or not.
so you are saying this table by JW



is wrong
The telecentric idea is a solution to corner shading or vignetting, which is a different problem which occurs when the whole light cone is non-perpendicular, such as in the corners (although microlenses with a reserve of 'speed' will be better with respect to corner shading than one which don't)
--
Bob
--
Riley

any similarity to persons living or dead is coincidental and unintended
support 1022 Sunday Scapes'
 

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