You pulled your videos so I can't watch them again (never did see the 2nd one) but the procedure that Diane described is for a different kind of FD adapter and your should not need to do that. On the fixed pin type of adapter like Diane describes, you have to catch the aperture control lever on the back of the lens on the pin in the adapter, then turn the lens a bit counter-clockwise to line up the mounting flange on the lens with the adapter. You then fully mount the lens and turn it clockwise until it locks on. This moves the lens aperture control lever to the fully closed position, meaning that the lens diaphragm always moves with the aperture ring on the lens (whew, that was a mouth full).
With what appears to be your adapter, the Open-Lock ring on the adapter permits you to preset the lens aperture ring to whatever f-stop you want to shoot at, and then control the diaphragm between fully open and the pre-set aperture by moving the ring from Open to Lock. In order to be properly coupled to the lens, the adapter should be in the Open position when you mount the lens. No need to catch the lens lever on the pin or anything, just mount the lens straight on to the adapter and turn clockwise to lock.
Actually, I think I have solved your BASIC problem. In the very first picture you posted, the lens is off the camera but it is in the mounted and locked position. You can tell this because the red raised dot on the outer rim of the lens is not lined up with the red dot on the back of the lens mount. This is not an easy thing to do, someone must have been playing around with the lens. Luckily fixing it is much easier. Depress the silver lens locking button on the outside base of the lens and turn the inner part of the lens (the flat black painted part of the lens with the serial number, coupling levers etc) counter clockwise (looking from the back) until the 2 red dots line up. Make sure the inner part of the lens turn while the outside of the lens stays in place (this is how Canon adopted their earlier breech mount system to a modern "bayonet" style of mounting).
Once you get the 2 red dots lined up, then the lens should mount on your adapter as I described above and work as expected.