Hi Tom
Canon and Nikon have a system where the AF motor is located in the
lens, whereas Pentax locate theirs in the camera body. I believe
that there might be a dual system, where Canon/Nikon have motors in
the camera body but don't always use them? The Canon system is
called USM, not sure what the Nikon one is. The Pentax system
connects the motor via a small rotating pin that meshes with the
autofocus gearing mechanism in the lens. The advantages may be
broken down as follows (everyone, please feel free to amend/append
as you see fit):
In-lens motor strengths:
- Stronger moment arm to turn barrel -usually gives faster autofocus
- No gearing losses related to connecting motor to autofocus mechanism
- Can align motor properties with what is required by lens (i.e.
bigger motor for lenses with large elements, smaller faster motors
for small lenses)
In-lens motor disadvantages:
- Cost - in effect, you have a different motor for each lens
- Compactness - not as bad as you'd think, but the motor adds to
the weight and size of the lens.
- Issues with 3rd party lenses (although Pentax has also had
troubles with some Sigma lenses, however the potential for
problems is greater).
There are other issues, however I think these are the main ones.
And now to the 'made by Sigma' point.
The cheaper Pentax zoom is made by Sigma and branded Pentax, this
is actually quite common - a lot of zooms are made by Tamron, and
rebadged. This is simply a matter of economics, as Sigma may have
better facilities for making that type of lens. Some Sigma lenses
have been known to work poorly with Pentax cameras as the lens
electronics (yes, they have electronic chips in them!) are patented
and Sigma allegedly didn't pay the license and had to
estimate/reverse engineer the protocols. However, for the ones
Sigma make for Pentax I think Pentax actually insert the
electronics. A few people seem to think the Sigma lens is pretty
poor, and if you're really after a fair comparison it might be best
to get a Nikon-fit and Pentax-fit of an identical 3rd party lens
(Sigma, Tamron, Tokina) and try those out on the D70 and *istDs
respectively. I'd still expect the Nikon to be faster (they have
years of Pro level experience which has driven development of the
autofocus system, plus in-lens motors), but I would suggest there
wouldn't be much in it. The in-body motor system is much noisier
(good in-lens systems are almost silent), as there is gearing noise
and the in-lens motors are piezo-electric (don't worry, not
important) which are a lot quieter than standard electric motors.
This can cause some confusion regarding focus speed. I used a
Canon 300v with a USM lens (the in-lens motor) and thought the AF
was really fast, but it became clear after a little while that the
focus was actually a little slower than the *ist (note - film
version) I was comparing it against. I was caught out by the lack
of noise - you don't hear the 300v hunting, and it's not always
clear that it's doing so. The *ist was a lot, lot noiser in
comparison, but it was very quick and positive, more so in fact
than the 300v. This isn't really a fair comparison, the *ist is a
significant amount more expensive than the 300v, but it illustrates
my point well - in-lens motors aren't a guarantee of faster
autofocus, but they do have many advantages.
Matt