I believe it helps in both situations if the sensors are of the same generation.
Although if you are using equivalent settings (same shutter speed, DoF, FoV) the images will end up being pretty much the same, equivalent.
Although modern sensors have a better dynamic range than similar sensors 5-10 years ago, size is very important for the dynamic range and the ISO range.
I use everything from 1" cameras, like RX100 and Nikon1 series, to FX cameras, and have older cameras that had an upper limit in useful ISO at under ISO 200, and now I shoot without hesitation ISO 32,000 with my newest DX camera, while my latest Nikon 1, a J5, handles ISO 3,200 fairly well.
The smaller sensors have lower dynamic range, thus are more helped on overcast days, when the light might be bright, but soft, so too in a studio, should you want that. In really harsh light even ISO 160 might be problematic, say on a badly lit sports-stadium, with just a few spotlights on one side, and nothing on the other, and you still want to get decent images on people in the well-lit areas and dark areas.
Let me give you some examples from today:
Sadly I haven't got my FX camera with me, as I mostly shoot birds, but both images are taken from the same spot, using the same lens, and there was lots of light coming in from the slide doors to the right in both cases, but in the first shot the light was much softer than in the second.
When one shoots a lot one learn a few tricks of the trade, and one is that it is far more easy to shoot at higher ISO in good light, than in low light where you often need as much dynamic range you can find), and that grey filters can be a blessing, as they can allow you to use a little higher ISO in good light without having to use very small apertures (with associated diffraction problems), as every lens has an optimum aperture, and most cameras will not operate over 1/4,000 sec, so you can easily get boxed in.
Small sensors are fairly noisy even at base ISO, while the newest FX cameras need to be provoked to display much noise.
I use a mix of 1" and DX most of the time, and just love to use the same sharp lenses across all the sizes of sensors. In the example above I used a Voigtlander 20/3.5 with both the tiny J5 and the more enthusiast-styled D7500.
And avoid slow lenses, if possible, as they make life so much more difficult as a photographer. I would love to have faster long telephoto lenses, but economics restrict me to buy long lenses that are F/6.3, but I would love to have a few that are f/4.0, or lower!
Crappy lenses are a no-good investment, and cameras age fast (5 years are often said to be the practical limit, after that the service costs start to rise, fast), so invest in as good lenses you can afford, (possibly used, as lenses usually are good for 20 years, or longer) and buy cheap cameras (say a used D700?!), to begin with, upgrading later when your economy allows it, and you are getting a feeling about where you are heading!
Good luck!
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Some of my favorite F Mount lenses:
Nikon AF-S 70-200/4.0G (FX - sadly at home just now)
Nikon AF-P 18-55 VR (DX, but I mainly use it on my Nikon1 cameras)
Nikon AF-P 70-300 VR (DX, but I mainly use it on my Nikon1 cameras, if the 70-300 CX is back home, like just now)
Sigma 30 Art (DX)
Voigtlander 20/3.5 (no longer in production - FX)
Sigma 100-400 C (FX)
Nikon 40 macro (DX)
Nikon 85 macro VR (DX)
Three Nikon1 lenses I use:
Nikon1 10 (with a wide adapter, equals a 22)
Nikon1 70-300 CX (equals a 190-810mm on an FX body. Superb, but at home just now)
Nikon1 6.7-13 (behaves like 18-35 on an FX body)
So with the 6.7-13 and the 18-55 on two Nikon1 cameras, cover 18-150 (roughly), and the DX camera covers 150-600 with the Sigma 100-400 C.
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I have more macros, longer telephoto-zooms, and more Nikon1 lenses, but these are the ones I use most. Normally carry two cameras, one Nikon1 and one DX, one of them with a telephoto lens, the other with a prime, both F Mount. A quick switch and I suddenly either have a long telephoto prime with f/1.8, or my 100-400 C suddenly equals a 300-1000mm lens! With no loss in speed, which would have happened if I added a TC.
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tordseriksson (at) gmail.....
Owner of a handful of Nikon cameras. And a few lenses.