The USB 2 spec is 480 mb/second which may technically be slower than the ideal read/write speed of the SSD. Ideal is not the real world. The USB 3 spec is 5gbs second which is I believe exponentially greater, did not do the actual math, than the read/write speed of any storage device.
I believe he's asking whether he can get a decent speed up by moving existing USB 3.0 SSDs to new USB 3.0 Gen 2 enclosures. The best he that he could hope to do here is to replace a 5 Gbps USB 3.0 bottleneck with a 6 Gbps SATA one. Unless he is already noticing significant human-perceptible delays that are attributable to his SSDs, it's not clear that he would notice the difference.
As for USB 3 being "exponentially greater" than the read/write speed of any storage device, have you considered NVMe ones?. Samsung claims that their 970 EVO PCI-e SSD has read speeds up to 3500 MBps (28 Gbps). Apple makes a similar claim for 2018 rMBPs – read speeds up to 3.2 GBps (25.6 Gbps). In an external drive, those speeds would be beyond USB 3.0 territory, and more appropriate for Thunderbolt 3 (40 Gbps).