So I just got a new DSLR and I have a Sigma 35mm f1.4 lens. I want to do macro photography and I want the highest magnification possible. Would it be wise to buy a 1:1 macro lens, use a reverse ring on my sigma lens, use a reverse ring on a MACRO lens, or buy something with 5x magnification like the Canon MP-e 65. I heard that using shorter focal lengths with a reverse ring also increases magnification.
Let me know what you think.
I think you don't have a clue, which is OK. There was a time when each of us didn't have a clue [like when I was 14 and knew everything]. ;-)
Albert and Gerry spoke the truth, but they didn't explain why.
When you put a lens on a reversing ring, it doesn't connect to the electronics in the body, thus, it won't focus and there is no control of the aperture. You can't just manually focus [assuming the lens has a manual focus ring] because that just moves the outside case in and out and doesn't do diddly with the optical elements, which are rigidly attached to the body via that reversing ring. SO, you have to focus by either moving the entire camera or moving the subject. Since the magnification ratios are high w/ macrophotography, that means that TINY movements affect large changes to the focus position. Serious photographers who do this, put either the camera on a focusing slide or put the subject on a focusing slide or BOTH!
The aperture has to be operated manually. Most lenses have a tab that protrudes into the body and is operated by a small solenoid. This solenoid is normally "off" and when you attach a lens, the aperture is opened fully [to make the image in the VF bright]. When you set an aperture [like f/8] the lens aperture does not change until you take a picture. Then the solenoid in the body releases the tab and a spring in the lens shuts the aperture to the preset aperture [like f/8]. When you reverse the lens, nothing operates the tab! You have to do that w/ your finger or a rubber band. :-( Even worse, if you have a lens that does not have an aperture control ring, there is no way to control the aperture when the lens is reversed!
Alternately, you can get a bellows attachment and put the reversed lens on it. That will let you move the lens relative to the body and focus with the knobs on the bellows unit. BUT, since the bellows has a non-trivial depth, the lens can never be close to the body. This means that the MINIMUM mag ratio will be high. This the bellows solution only works for quite high mag ratios. Kinda specialized.
Adapter lenses that screw/clamp onto the front of a lens to allow [make] it focus closer, work just like reading glasses for humans. If those corrective lenses have only one element, they only have decent IQ if the diopter rating is small. If you want a larger amount of focus correction, you must get a lens with 2-3 elements and it must be an "achromat" in order to not introduce lots of chromatic aberrations [coma]. These corrective lenses [often called "filters"] are NOT cheap. Good ones cost several hundred $. Here is a list of most of these achromatic closeup lenses:
http://www.1derful.info/Data/CloseUpLenses.pdf
Which brings us to a dedicated macro lens. They will allow [usually] up to a 1:1 reproduction ratio. They will AF on your body. The aperture will work just like all your other lenses, even if that aperture is set electronically bu the body.
Used macro lenses are reasonably priced. Get one.
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