APS C VS FULL FRAME

mysteryman44

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Hello, What is the difference or advantages of owning a full frame camera instead of the apes c . I own a Nik9n z 50 mirrorless. Should I have bought a Nikon full frame. Also I guess it does not look like there would be a difference in print enlargements. My camera is 20.1 megapixels. How big of an enlargement can I go. Thanks.
 
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Unless you're printing at billboard size, or cropping to see an individual hair on a gnat's behind, 20 megapixels should be more than enough for most photographers.
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12 megapixels is enough for a billboard.

While billboards are huge, they are viewed from quite a distance. The halftone screen used for billboards may be less than 5 lines per inch.

At 10 pixels per inch, you need about 9 megapixels for a 20 foot by 30 foot billboard.
I'm sure you're right. I used billboard as an example because I can't imagine any normal person printing larger than that.

Naturally, there are exceptions to everything. :-)
 
I have decided to stay with APS-C for a variety of reasons.

As mentioned FF will do a bit better at high ISO. The gap has closed considerably and in fact my APS-C Canon 90D has better high ISO performance than many FF cameras from a few years before.

APS-C has advantages for telephoto work and effectively increases the magnification. I shoot a lot of macro. APS-C provides a much better depth of field.

There is not much difference in size or weight but there is a huge difference in cost. The big difference is the cost of lenses. In the Canon world, a lens for a FF camera costs about 4x as much as the comparable APS-C lens. At 4x the price, you would hope for substantially better optical performance. The facts are that any improvement is very marginal. On top of that trying to go with a lesser quality FF lens does not work. You just need to spend the money when buying a FF lens. Manufacturers are able to take advantage of the fact that FF buyers are willing to spend more. In addition it costs much more to build a quality lens for a sensor that is twice the size.
 
I have decided to stay with APS-C for a variety of reasons.

As mentioned FF will do a bit better at high ISO. The gap has closed considerably and in fact my APS-C Canon 90D has better high ISO performance than many FF cameras from a few years before.

APS-C has advantages for telephoto work and effectively increases the magnification. I shoot a lot of macro. APS-C provides a much better depth of field.

There is not much difference in size or weight but there is a huge difference in cost. The big difference is the cost of lenses. In the Canon world, a lens for a FF camera costs about 4x as much as the comparable APS-C lens. At 4x the price, you would hope for substantially better optical performance. The facts are that any improvement is very marginal. On top of that trying to go with a lesser quality FF lens does not work. You just need to spend the money when buying a FF lens. Manufacturers are able to take advantage of the fact that FF buyers are willing to spend more.
APS-C is a very reasonable, and popular choice.

Unless you need the shallow depth of field that you can get with full frame, there is little need for full frame.

As you have mentioned, APS-C is generally smaller, less weight, and costs less than similarly performing full frame.
In addition it costs much more to build a quality lens for a sensor that is twice the size.
Don't forget that a smaller sensor requires more enlargement (ratio of print size to sensor size). Therefore a lens on an APS-C has to be sharper (in terms of lines per mm on the sensor) than a lens for a full frame.

Having to make the lens sharper negates some of the savings from making the lens smaller.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
It depends. If you need to stop down for sufficient depth of field to keep your subject in focus, then APS-C has the same low light performance as full frame.

Full frame has the low light advantage only when you select shallower depth of field than you can get with APS-C.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant.
It's generally one stop (for same generation technology). People can decide if that's significant or not.
That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C.
I'll bet many could use APS-C considering that reportage today means largely web-based small images, or maybe 8MP for a 4K signal. Even phones are used for reportage now.
Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
People can also decide what the terms decent quality and nearly impossible mean to them.
 
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FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
One stop is seldom that significant. People's ability to hand-hold, or the effectiveness of image stabilisation, can vary by far more than that. Moreover, most public news images don't have to be great quality.

As for reportage, I know several PJs that shoot MFT and APS-C. More discrete and more reach for the same weight and size of lens.

--
"A designer knows he has achieved perfection not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away." Antoine de Saint-Exupery
 
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FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant.
It's generally one stop (for same generation technology). People can decide if that's significant or not.
Actually, at the same angle of view, and same depth of field, the difference is about zero stops.

In order to get the one stop advantage, you need to use a wider aperture diameter on the full frame and live with the shallower depth of field.
That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C.
I'll bet many could use APS-C considering that reportage today means largely web-based small images, or maybe 8MP for a 4K signal. Even phones are used for reportage now.
The selection of gear used by reporters is typically a business decision made with little input from the photographers. Generally it has to do with volume discounts and repair agreements.

Camera manufactures want their gear used by reporter because they believe that this very visible use increases sales. If you see a lot of brand X cameras at a White House press briefing, then you start to think that maybe brand X is a good choice.
Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
People can also decide what the terms decent quality and nearly impossible mean to them.
Yes. For instance if you need f/8 on your full frame to get the whole subject in focus, you can easily match the low light performance by using f/5.6 on your APS-C.
 
My wife has APS-C. I have Full Frame. There’s a ton of overlap in usage.

In terms of resolution, her camera has more megapixel’s than mine, but it’s the highest resolution APS-C sensor currently made at 32.5 megapixels. I’m at a lowly 26 or so. ☹️

I don’t know about all the test charts, but mine visibly performs better above ISO 1,600. Otherwise, with similar framing and angle of view, I think they’re pretty equal.

Her system is far more compact than mine, which suits our hand size and what we’re willing to carry around.
Why would you shoot an APS-C camera at the same ISO as a full frame?
If that is appropriate to capture the image, of course. Higher ISO on APSC is also most reasonable.
If you are shooting with a 50mm lens at f/5.6 and ISO 400 on the full frame, then you should be shooting an APS-C with a 35mm lens at f/4. And ISO 200.
Equivalence is explicitave and generally useless photographically unless you have some reason to compare camera of different formats purely for technical entertainment.
Remember, with the APS-C you can open up by one f/stop and get the same depth of field as the full frame.
Yup
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
It depends. If you need to stop down for sufficient depth of field to keep your subject in focus, then APS-C has the same low light performance as full frame.

Full frame has the low light advantage only when you select shallower depth of field than you can get with APS-C.
It's clearly that you didn't shot at night much. I'm into night street photography for more than 10 years. Let me tell you something. When you're - for an example at f8, difference on APS-C and FF depth of field would be nearly invisible, while you still get much better ISO perfomance. Also, even if you shoot with narrow depth of field you still ABLE to shoot at high ISOs, even if it 1.4 or 2.8, while on APS-C, yes, you'd get wider depth of field, but you'd still won't be able to shoot due to very high level of noise. it's not like "I gonna get better images with a fullframe", NO. It's rather - "if I gonna make a shot at all or not". And wider depth of field on APS-C is not that wider as how much ISO on FF is better. So, it's not about whether APS-C or fullframe is better. It's all about the ability to get the shot or get nothing, and who cares at this point whether it would be narrow depth of field on 1.4 on FF or it wouldn't - while the picture would be taken, and would be taken in DECENT image quality with ability to post-process shot, because on modern FF even at high ISOs - DR is still pretty nice. At this point, in such types of photography - nobody cares how narrow would be depth of field, because it's not about depth of field at all. It's literally only about ability to take the shot itself. With FF you go home with a nice pictures, and with APS-C you going home with a noisy mess. It's what night street photography is. I bet, reportage shooters, who're working in the field a lot and shooting at night can tell you completely same things.
 
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FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
One stop is seldom that significant. People's ability to hand-hold, or the effectiveness of image stabilisation, can vary by far more than that. Moreover, most public news images don't have to be great quality.

As for reportage, I know several PJs that shoot MFT and APS-C. More discrete and more reach for the same weight and size of lens.
It's about less than 1% use MFT and APS-C between top professional shooters. It's not one step difference. It's the ability to get at least something worthy in ultra lowlight at high ISOs, I mean, with latest FF low MP bodies you can make a shot at 20K ISO (and even higher), and still being able to use it after some editing and reducing the noise. While with APS-C it's literally impossible. This is very significant difference we're talking about, it's going much further than just "what images would be noisier", it's not about that. It's about "how far I can push towards the limits to get usable shots, even if noise would be pretty high"- because on FF noise is looking less messy and more pleasant, due to much bigger size of photodiodes. Of course it's all apply only to low MP latest FF cameras, I'm not talking about 60mp Sony A7R4 here. It's all not about the "quality of the picture", it's all about the existence of the picture itself or its absence.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant.
It's generally one stop (for same generation technology). People can decide if that's significant or not.
Actually, at the same angle of view, and same depth of field, the difference is about zero stops.
Yes, we know there is an envelope in which either format can produce essentially the same result. We also know that the sensor area matters when DOF isn't important (and sometimes it isn't), so there does come a point at which the full frame shooting envelope exceeds the APS-C shooting envelope by about one stop.

So now that point should be satisfactorily established for any participants.
 
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FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
Don't say that to the photographers who shot Nikon D2h and d2 etc or Canon APSH for low light news, performing Arts, and others. There are many ways to characterize quality.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
Don't say that to the photographers who shot Nikon D2h and d2 etc or Canon APSH for low light news, performing Arts, and others. There are many ways to characterize quality.
I guess it's the reason Nikon ditched APS-C very fast on professional cameras... Not to mention that nearly 99.99% of top professional shooters are now on latest FF cameras. You can't to talk about the things you only heard off, mate, I'm into night street photography for many years, and I'm talking about what is real and what is not. Low MP FF camera provides much more light on same sensor tech due to MUCH BIGGER photodiodes and that's it. It's about technology, not about preferences. And we can also start discussing good old times of Large Format Cameras if you want, but that's wouldn't be relatable at all also, just because in an age of D2h sensors cost a fortune and all companies tried to save money on production means. Also not to mention that in the era when Nikon used only APS-C nearly all of professionals (I mean - most of them) moved to Canon's fullframe sensors and sales of Nikon pro bodies was significantly lower at that time. That's it.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
Don't say that to the photographers who shot Nikon D2h and d2 etc or Canon APSH for low light news, performing Arts, and others. There are many ways to characterize quality.
I guess it's the reason Nikon ditched APS-C very fast on professional cameras... Not to mention that nearly 99.99% of top professional shooters are now on latest FF cameras.
Please offer proof of that.
You can't to talk about the things you only heard off, mate, I'm into night street photography for many years, and I'm talking about what is real and what is not.
How does your being a night street photographer make you an expert on the world of professional shooters?
Low MP FF camera provides much more light on same sensor tech due to MUCH BIGGER photodiodes and that's it.
Uh-oh, now we see that a sensible discussion is probably hopeless. Not worth wasting my time anymore.
 
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FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
Don't say that to the photographers who shot Nikon D2h and d2 etc or Canon APSH for low light news, performing Arts, and others. There are many ways to characterize quality.
I guess it's the reason Nikon ditched APS-C very fast on professional cameras... Not to mention that nearly 99.99% of top professional shooters are now on latest FF cameras.
Please offer proof of that.
Please offer proof that the grass is green.
You can't to talk about the things you only heard off, mate, I'm into night street photography for many years, and I'm talking about what is real and what is not.
How does your being a night street photographer make you an expert on the world of professional shooters?
Because night street photography and night reportage outdoors shooting is basically one thing whatsoever.
Low MP FF camera provides much more light on same sensor tech due to MUCH BIGGER photodiodes and that's it.
Uh-oh, now we see that a sensible discussion is probably hopeless. Not worth wasting my time anymore.
Going away when you hearing unknown word [photodiodes] is shameful practice. The funny thing is that photodiodes is the heart of digital photography, and they define it all, so if you ain't familiar with photodiodes technology - you basically have no right to speak about digital photography's technologies at all.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant.
It's generally one stop (for same generation technology). People can decide if that's significant or not.
Actually, at the same angle of view, and same depth of field, the difference is about zero stops.
Yes, we know there is an envelope in which either format can produce essentially the same result. We also know that the sensor area matters when DOF isn't important (and sometimes it isn't), so there does come a point at which the full frame shooting envelope exceeds the APS-C shooting envelope by about one stop.

So now that point should be satisfactorily established for any participants.
Yes. The full frame shooting envelope exceeds APS-C by one stop. But you need to keep in mind that the one stop of less noise is tied to one stop less depth of field.

For those who can tolerate that shallower depth of field, the full frame offers a low light advantage. For those that can't tolerate one stop less depth of field, full frame does not offer a low light advantage.

The key point to remember is that the low light performance is tied to shallower depth of field. At the same angle of view, same aperture diameter and same shutter speed, full frame and APS-C both have the same low light performance. In order to get a low light advantage from full frame, you need to choose a depth of field (aperture diameter) that's larger than what you can get on APS-C.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
It depends. If you need to stop down for sufficient depth of field to keep your subject in focus, then APS-C has the same low light performance as full frame.

Full frame has the low light advantage only when you select shallower depth of field than you can get with APS-C.
It's clearly that you didn't shot at night much. I'm into night street photography for more than 10 years. Let me tell you something. When you're - for an example at f8, difference on APS-C and FF depth of field would be nearly invisible, while you still get much better ISO perfomance. Also, even if you shoot with narrow depth of field you still ABLE to shoot at high ISOs, even if it 1.4 or 2.8, while on APS-C, yes, you'd get wider depth of field, but you'd still won't be able to shoot due to very high level of noise. it's not like "I gonna get better images with a fullframe", NO. It's rather - "if I gonna make a shot at all or not". And wider depth of field on APS-C is not that wider as how much ISO on FF is better. So, it's not about whether APS-C or fullframe is better. It's all about the ability to get the shot or get nothing, and who cares at this point whether it would be narrow depth of field on 1.4 on FF or it wouldn't - while the picture would be taken, and would be taken in DECENT image quality with ability to post-process shot, because on modern FF even at high ISOs - DR is still pretty nice. At this point, in such types of photography - nobody cares how narrow would be depth of field, because it's not about depth of field at all. It's literally only about ability to take the shot itself. With FF you go home with a nice pictures, and with APS-C you going home with a noisy mess. It's what night street photography is. I bet, reportage shooters, who're working in the field a lot and shooting at night can tell you completely same things.
I don't dispute that full frame offers low light advantages. I am merely pointing out that you only get those advantages when you are shooting at a depth of field that is narrower than what you can get with APS-C.

If you are shooting your full frame at f/8 and ISO 1600, you can shoot APS-C at f/5.6 and ISO 800. Both will produce the same results.

Remember the results of a 50mm focal length varies with sensor size. Similarly, the results from ISO 800 and from f/8 will vary with sensor size.

If you were happy with your results with a 100mm lens on a full frame, you would probably want to use a shorter focal length on an APS-C in order to get the same angle of view. If you were happy with your depth of field at f/8 on a full frame, you probably would want to use f/5.6 on an APS-C to get similar depth of field. If you are happy with the noise at ISO 1600 on a full frame, then you likely want to use ISO 800 on an APS-C to get the same results (this is easy as you are probably using f/5.6 on the APS-C instead of f/8).

.

You do touch on an interesting question: Is it better to get a blurry photo due to too shallow a depth of field, or too noisy of an image due to not enough total light collected?

You seem to prefer too shallow a depth of field over too noisy. That's a reasonable choice, but not every photographer will make the same choice.

It does sound that for your needs, shallow depth of field isn't a problem, and you want to shoot in low light situations. For you, full frame is a very good choice.

Medium format would be something to consider. However while it will allow you to shoot in even lower light, it has the disadvantage of even shallower depth of field, and higher cost. Picking the right gear is frequently finding the best compromise, and cost is usually an important factor to consider.
 
FF will do a bit better at high ISO
It's not "a bit" if we're talking about same sensor tech with different size of sensor. Difference is very significant. That's why reportage shooters never use APS-C. Situation with lack of light would make shooting on APS-C with decent quality nearly impossible.
Don't say that to the photographers who shot Nikon D2h and d2 etc or Canon APSH for low light news, performing Arts, and others. There are many ways to characterize quality.
I guess it's the reason Nikon ditched APS-C very fast on professional cameras... Not to mention that nearly 99.99% of top professional shooters are now on latest FF cameras. You can't to talk about the things you only heard off, mate, I'm into night street photography for many years, and I'm talking about what is real and what is not. Low MP FF camera provides much more light on same sensor tech due to MUCH BIGGER photodiodes and that's it. It's about technology, not about preferences. And we can also start discussing good old times of Large Format Cameras if you want, but that's wouldn't be relatable at all also, just because in an age of D2h sensors cost a fortune and all companies tried to save money on production means. Also not to mention that in the era when Nikon used only APS-C nearly all of professionals (I mean - most of them) moved to Canon's fullframe sensors and sales of Nikon pro bodies was significantly lower at that time. That's it.
I suspect that of the current pro cameras are FF for general quality reasons. Higher ISO happens to benefit.

Don't mix your history too much. The reasons most pros turned to Canon was for noticeable better focus capabilities and Canons much better selection of fast long lenses, not to mention Canon marketing and service. The 1D was APSH from a external supplier and not FF (because they could not find a supplier of an FF sensor and could not develop their own on a timely basis). The APSH sensor was noticeably lower noise than Nikon's D2h even though both were 4mp.

For my interests in Street photography, I am limited to ISO 51200 and lower when shooting nudes in Calgary at night with my f/1.4 primes. I generally found that f/1.4 1/125 second, Iso 3200 was more than adequate for reportage night work. Unfortunately I have not done that in the past few years. Certainly current New cameras can surpass that easily.

I should also mention that low noise is low on my list of concerns :-)

--
Charles Darwin: "ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge."
tony
 
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My wife has APS-C. I have Full Frame. There’s a ton of overlap in usage.

In terms of resolution, her camera has more megapixel’s than mine, but it’s the highest resolution APS-C sensor currently made at 32.5 megapixels. I’m at a lowly 26 or so. ☹️

I don’t know about all the test charts, but mine visibly performs better above ISO 1,600. Otherwise, with similar framing and angle of view, I think they’re pretty equal.

Her system is far more compact than mine, which suits our hand size and what we’re willing to carry around.
Why would you shoot an APS-C camera at the same ISO as a full frame?
If that is appropriate to capture the image, of course. Higher ISO on APSC is also most reasonable.
If you are shooting with a 50mm lens at f/5.6 and ISO 400 on the full frame, then you should be shooting an APS-C with a 35mm lens at f/4. And ISO 200.
Equivalence is explicitave and generally useless photographically unless you have some reason to compare camera of different formats purely for technical entertainment.
Yet, people here are comparing image noise between APS-C and full frame at the same ISO.

Understanding how different cameras can be quite helpful when choosing gear.

For instance, it makes little sense to pick a focal length without knowing the sensor size. A 35mm focal length can be wide angle, normal, or telephoto, depending on the sensor size.

What photographers really care about are angle of view, depth of field, and image noise. These are determined by the relationship between focal length and sensor size, the aperture diameter, and the total light captured.

In the days of film, we had to target the exposure that matched the film's speed. This meant that whether we were shooting a Minox camera with a tiny negative, or an 8x10 view camera, we had to hit the same light per unit area. Sure the 8x10 view camera produced a print with a lot less visible grain, but that was something we learned to live with.

With digital, there is no need to match the "exposure centric" workflow of film. Yet, for historical reasons. we still talk about light captured in terms of light per unit area, and we still talk about aperture diameter in terms of its ratio to the focal length.

"Equivalence" is not so much about comparing cameras. it's a natural outgrowth of looking at the underlying factors that affect the image, rather than intermediate implementation details.

Remember, with the APS-C you can open up by one f/stop and get the same depth of field as the full frame.
Yup
 

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