What a great thread, thanks Rick for starting it.
Lots of good points above from Gloomy1, kaphinga, Lan and others, and great images too.
Here's what I would add.
It's often said that we should consider what attracted us in a scene and make that thing the key element. That's easier said than done, so I would have two suggestions to help:
- first, and maybe counterintuitively for a visual medium, "draft" a short statement of what interests you about the image (in your head, but you can even do it out loud as an exercise), i.e. name the interesting feature: "the fog on those tree crowns looks great", "the shadow on the ground of that building is really weird", "the three main colours I see in this image complement each other well", "there are converging lines that pull me into the image", "there are three layers with different textures in this image", etc. Make this clear and specific, it's no use to say "that is a nice vista", or "I want to photograph that church in the forest". If there's more than one interesting element, name several, but then I would argue that the next step is thinking of the interrelationships between these elements and what role these play in the composition - see also the next point
- second, I would argue that one useful step is often to start by trying to simplify the composition as much as you can. See if you can eliminate more and more things from the composition and if it still remains a strong image (in your head, or in the viewfinder). This doesn't mean just the use of telephoto - one can have a great image with a simple composition and /or few elements with a wide-angle lens. It also doesn't mean that you have to end up only with simple compositions - some great images have several elements, layers, textures, etc - however it does mean that you go first through the simplification exercise and then, if you feel that the essence has been lost, you go back to a more complex one, hopefully with a better understanding of what drives the interest in that complexity.
Just to show that this process does not always lead to very simple compositions: for the image below, the element that really impressed me strongly was the light of the moon on the mountains, so my first images were focusing only on that , but the impact was far less than the awe I felt looking at the scene. In what was probably a subconscious assessment, I realised that perhaps it was the relationship between the mountains and the buildings in the village that I was also registering, including the colours in the scene, so I sought out a vantage points a few streets further up, where I could get the village church in the shot (fyi, this is not quite the final edit, I improved it further, mainly on eliminating some false colour on the lower snow fields).
If I could have had another viewpoint, I would have gone further up the mountainside and used a longer lens to make the church or the entire village smaller by reference to the mountains. However, for a number of reasons (including the lack of a road above the village!) this was not so easy, but I'm happy with the image.
La Grave at night
Another strategy that sometimes works is asking yourself "if I was here with 10 other photographers and I absolutely had to come up with an image that no one else has taken, what would I try?". This is not very helpful in terms of giving you a specific place to start, but perhaps it can at least stop you from taking a typical image. (Note: I would not use just this approach when I have great conditions or when I visit a place where I'm unlikely to return, as it could lead to missing some really good potential shots - it's more useful as an exercise in areas that we know and can return to).
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