I continue to believe that the shape of an MTF vs. frequency curve contributes greatly to the appearance of detail in an image and that an MTF50 up there close to the Nyquist frequency of the sensor is not necessarily a Good Thing.
I agree!
This might be why Foveon images look so much more real to me, pixel for pixel.
In 1:1:1 Foveon, MTF50 at Nyquist would be due entirely to the lens, since the sensor has complete isolation between adjacent pixels.
In Bayer, a given "sensel" is used in the determination of data that makes up several adjacent "pixels" (of the same dimensions as the sensels), so the sensor itself degrades the MTF, in addition to the lens. Even downsizing cannot eliminate this effect, since it is "baked-in" at the original size in the demosaicing in the first place.
We have seen that modifying Bayer demosaicing can improve the MTF, thanks to a recent experiment by Ted:
https://www.dpreview.com/forums/post/65000409
In this experiment, sensel data is used only once and output resolution is an image with 1/4 the usual number of pixels (no sharing of sensel data as in regular Bayer demosaic processes).
This also applies to color resolution in the output image. The experimental image has color resolution equal to Foveon.
I'm trying to understand if lens limitations and Bayer sensor limitations can be told apart, and I guess this isn't possible.
Maybe the sensor performance of Foveon would be like a brick wall filter, and remain consistently very high, then drop off or alias quickly above Nyquist. On the other hand a Bayer response would remain high until a point where detail is several pixels in diameter, then drop off or alias more slowly as Nyquist is passed.
And, this would be quite visible in images, I think.
From my own experience, downsizing a regular Bayer or other CFA image will improve the appearance of (image quality of) small details, but can't quite match Foveon rendering. I still wish I could routinely demosaic my Bayer images as Ted did above.
However, downsizing a regular CFA image to 1/2 or (better) 1/4 original pixels makes the image "good enough" for me. And, I've basically left my Sigmas behind now, because of this.
I did a test a good while back comparing Bayer and Foveon, using a Fuji X-T100 with 23mm F1.4 lens and a sd Quattro with 24mm F1.4 lens. Downsizing both to 1/4 original pixels gave me pretty much the same level of detail (basically "good enough" for me). But the greater dynamic range of the Bayer pretty much sealed the deal in terms of image quality overall, in spite of the smaller range of color differentiation in the Bayer.
See:
https://www.dpreview.com/galleries/1438043515/albums/x-t100-vs-sd-quattro