Do I need a special lens?
Almost certainly, if you are serious about map photography.
Very few lenses, even high-quality ones, have a plane of focus that
is parallel to the film plane. The fact is that most people are
photographing three-dimensional subjects, not two-dimensional ones
so, in most cases, this really isn't a draw back
You need a tilt-shift (archtectural) lens or a macro lens. Most
likely, a 50mm macro would be your best bet: this will give you a
sharp image of a 2-D subject with very little distortion at a
reasonable working distance. The Canon 50mm macro is not terribly
expensive, and some people like the Sigma 50mm macro just fine also.
Virtually any zoom lens that claims "macro" capability is leading
you on, and won't do what you need.