White Balance ?

Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Unless there are no important details in highlights, in which case overexposure CAN be corrected.
"Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping" - that's overexposed areas contain important details.

Reconstruction of lost details by extrapolation, AI, or touch-up is not what I would call correction.

--

 
Overexposure means the image is too bright.
Turing brightness knob to the right doesn't make image overexposed.
I wasn't talking about turing [sic] any knobs.

If an image is too bright, too light, not dark enough, etc, etc, etc.... it's overexposed.
Often the posts that start with "wrong" are wrong :
You tried claiming that overexposure means details are lost.

I stand by the "wrong"... because you clearly were.

You know that, which is why you deflected with the over-preached brightness isn't part of exposure. Despite it having nothing to do with my advice to the OP.
 
Thanks all, I need to learn some more about adjusting exposures.

Perhaps I will start bracketing automatically and see if I can improve results that way
I think that a good understanding of the Exposure Triangle will help you a lot in getting exposures correct or at least very close in camera. Can reduce post processing time immensely.
The main problem with that "Exposure Triangle" is that it omits the most important factor in Exposure - subject illumination. When shooting in nature you get to determine when you shoot, and where you shoot. Time of day and weather dramatically affect subject illumination, as does the direction you are shooting. Depending on the time of day, you will get dramatically different results depending on which side of the lake you are shooting from.

The other issue is one of nomenclature. Incorrect terminology can make it difficult for a beginner to learn a subject.

"Exposure" refers to the amount of light that falls on the sensor while the shutter is open (think of it as the number of photons hitting the sensor). The three main factors in Exposure are: Subject illumination, aperture, and shutter speed. "ISO" is not directly a factor in exposure, it's a factor in how we interpret the captured data.

What the linked article is actually talking about is "image lightness", how light or dark the final image looks. The main factors in that are Subject illumination, aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. What the article is really talking about is the "Lightness quadrangle."

While "exposure triangle" sounds simpler, it is teaching two incorrect concepts. "Exposure" is not the same as "Image Lightness". As a photographer, you almost always have the option of controlling (or influencing) subject illumination. At the very least you can decide to shoot during the day rather than at night, decide to shoot on a day where the weather is to your liking, or perhaps use fill flash or a reflector.

====

The author if the article is also a bit confused on the causes of image noise. While some image noise is from "random fluctuations in electrical signals", the biggest source of visible noise in low light images is usually the "shot noise". This is the noise inherent in the quantum nature of light. Even if the camera were perfect, and added no noise to the image, we would still have noisy images at very low light levels.
I use bracketing only for very high dynamic range scenes.
As an astrophotographer I personally find noise generated in the camera to be the big problem. That is why we cool the camera first and then take a series of shots with the lens cap on that we then subtract from the actual astronomical images, which greatly reduces the noise in the final images. Shot noise does not come into it.

As for shot noise, it averages out during the exposure as the image builds photon by photon and is not really a problem in itself.
 
Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Unless there are no important details in highlights, in which case overexposure CAN be corrected.
"Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping" - that's overexposed areas contain important details.

Reconstruction of lost details by extrapolation, AI, or touch-up is not what I would call correction.
You are presuming that ALL images have highlights and that those highlights contain important details. If an image does NOT contain highlights (e.g. a low-key shot) then overexposure CAN be TOTALLY corrected. End of story.
 
Overexposure means the image is too bright.
Turing brightness knob to the right doesn't make image overexposed.
I wasn't talking about turing [sic] any knobs.
Why? It's the same, brightness adjustment. But I'm happy that you agree that changing brightness doesn't change exposure.
If an image is too bright, too light, not dark enough, etc, etc, etc.... it's overexposed.
It's over-processed (over-brightened).

Exposure and brightness are two distinctly different things. Brightness is about image presentation, and only about it. Exposure is about image capture.

Brightness can be adjusted during image processing, and in fact if you look at what "exposure" slider and "baseline exposure" tags are doing, you will see those are brightness adjustment. You can call them ISO adjustments, too.

But you can't correct exposure after the exposure happened.
I stand by the "wrong"... because you clearly were.
The Earth is clearly flat.
You know that
That's a lame argument in a debate.

"overexposure leads to clipping due to sensor saturation" - The Manual of Photography, Tenth Edition, Chapter 12, p.232. ISBN: 978-0-240-52037-7
Despite it having nothing to do with my advice to the OP.
Here is from your advice, https://www.dpreview.com/forums/post/63158448 :
 
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Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Unless there are no important details in highlights, in which case overexposure CAN be corrected.
"Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping" - that's overexposed areas contain important details.

Reconstruction of lost details by extrapolation, AI, or touch-up is not what I would call correction.
You are presuming
What, where, why?
that ALL images have highlights and that those highlights contain important details.

If an image does NOT contain highlights (e.g. a low-key shot)
A low-key shot may contain highlights, only those are usually small. For example, the first shot in Wiki article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-key_lighting contains 3502 pixels at level 255. They are important, to establish contrast and to play at how we perceive images.
then overexposure CAN be TOTALLY corrected.
Meaning, unimportant highlights are blown out, and then the brightness is toned down to form featureless grey areas? I don't see how that results in the same image quality as starting from a better exposure. Could you provide an example, please?
End of story.
Seriously? And I was hoping for examples and explanations... Am I out of luck?
 
Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Wrong.

Overexposure means the image is too bright.

Blown highlights, on the other hand, means details are lost and irretrievable.

You're describing blown highlights but calling it overexposure.
That would be a new use of "over exposure".

Traditionally, film is "over exposed" when the negative is denser than desired. This usually does not result in a lighter print, as the exposure time of the print would be adjusted to match the density of the print.
  • The problems with an overexposed negative include:
  • Loss of details in highlights, as they hit a part of the film's response curve where details are lost.
The concept of image lightness being tied to exposure does apply to transparencies, but only because with transparencies, image lightness is tied to film density.

With digital, "over exposure" is many times used when the situation is really "Over ISO". The exposure is perfectly fine, however, the camera's ISO is set too high for that exposure.
 
Thanks all, I need to learn some more about adjusting exposures.

Perhaps I will start bracketing automatically and see if I can improve results that way
I think that a good understanding of the Exposure Triangle will help you a lot in getting exposures correct or at least very close in camera. Can reduce post processing time immensely.
The main problem with that "Exposure Triangle" is that it omits the most important factor in Exposure - subject illumination. When shooting in nature you get to determine when you shoot, and where you shoot. Time of day and weather dramatically affect subject illumination, as does the direction you are shooting. Depending on the time of day, you will get dramatically different results depending on which side of the lake you are shooting from.

The other issue is one of nomenclature. Incorrect terminology can make it difficult for a beginner to learn a subject.

"Exposure" refers to the amount of light that falls on the sensor while the shutter is open (think of it as the number of photons hitting the sensor). The three main factors in Exposure are: Subject illumination, aperture, and shutter speed. "ISO" is not directly a factor in exposure, it's a factor in how we interpret the captured data.

What the linked article is actually talking about is "image lightness", how light or dark the final image looks. The main factors in that are Subject illumination, aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. What the article is really talking about is the "Lightness quadrangle."

While "exposure triangle" sounds simpler, it is teaching two incorrect concepts. "Exposure" is not the same as "Image Lightness". As a photographer, you almost always have the option of controlling (or influencing) subject illumination. At the very least you can decide to shoot during the day rather than at night, decide to shoot on a day where the weather is to your liking, or perhaps use fill flash or a reflector.

====

The author if the article is also a bit confused on the causes of image noise. While some image noise is from "random fluctuations in electrical signals", the biggest source of visible noise in low light images is usually the "shot noise". This is the noise inherent in the quantum nature of light. Even if the camera were perfect, and added no noise to the image, we would still have noisy images at very low light levels.
I use bracketing only for very high dynamic range scenes.
As an astrophotographer I personally find noise generated in the camera to be the big problem. That is why we cool the camera first and then take a series of shots with the lens cap on that we then subtract from the actual astronomical images, which greatly reduces the noise in the final images. Shot noise does not come into it.

As for shot noise, it averages out during the exposure as the image builds photon by photon and is not really a problem in itself.
Astrophotography is a special case. The issues facing an astrophotographer may not be the same as those facing most photographers.

But in any case, the author of the article seemed to be more concerned with typical photography, and not astrophotography. We can tell this by his discussion of depth of field. Astrophotographers are frequently shooting subjects that act as if they were "infinitely" far away. Depth of field is not an issue for these subjects.
 
Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Wrong.

Overexposure means the image is too bright.

Blown highlights, on the other hand, means details are lost and irretrievable.

You're describing blown highlights but calling it overexposure.
That would be a new use of "over exposure".
So when too much light hits the sensor and the picture looks brighter than intended, calling that 'overexposed' is new?

Wonder if I can copyright that.

Please don't tell me you agree with Iliah that overexposure is the same as completely blowing details in the highlights.
 
Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Wrong.

Overexposure means the image is too bright.

Blown highlights, on the other hand, means details are lost and irretrievable.

You're describing blown highlights but calling it overexposure.
That would be a new use of "over exposure".
So when too much light hits the sensor and the picture looks brighter than intended, calling that 'overexposed' is new?
It's new to digital photography. With analog photography, over exposure didn't result in a lighter print. Typically the print had a lower contrast, or looked wrong as it hit the wrong part of the film's response curve.

Overexposure being the same as "too bright" came in with digital cameras as the JPEG brightness is tied to the relationship between exposure and ISO.

With digital cameras, "Over exposure" may just as easily be "Over ISO". If the image looks to bright, the issue may not be an incorrect exposure, the issue might be that the ISO was set too high. However, film habits are still going strong. When the exposure and ISO don't match, we still think the exposure is the culprit, and don't think of the ISO as being something we have control over.
Wonder if I can copyright that.

Please don't tell me you agree with Iliah that overexposure is the same as completely blowing details in the highlights.
"Over exposure" is an exposure that is higher than what you desired. If your goal is to minimize overall image noise, then you should shoot raw, and use the highest exposure that doesn't blowout highlights that you wish to retain. If that's your goal, then Iliah is correct.

However, that's not the only reasonable goal. If your goal is to get a useable JPEG out of the camera, then "Over exposure" is an exposure that results in an image lighter than you want it to be, when shooting at base ISO. If you are above base ISO, than an image that's too light might be from a good exposure, but too high an ISO setting.
 
"Exposure" refers to the amount of light that falls on the sensor while the shutter is open (think of it as the number of photons hitting the sensor). The three main factors in Exposure are: Subject illumination, aperture, and shutter speed. "ISO" is not directly a factor in exposure, it's a factor in how we interpret the captured data.

What the linked article is actually talking about is "image lightness", how light or dark the final image looks. The main factors in that are Subject illumination, aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. What the article is really talking about is the "Lightness quadrangle."
Thank you very much for the clarification Michael. Yes you are 100% correct :)

For a given aperture and shutter speed, the amount of light hitting the sensor (exposure) will be the same regardless of the ISO setting. The ISO setting simply controls the lightness of the image by boosting the signals sent from the sensor to the camera's cpu after the shutter has closed.

I guess I, like many people, interchangeably use the terms "exposure" and "image lightness" which technically speaking is incorrect.

I suppose it's a bit like many people and even large software manufacturers, who should know better, interchangeably use PPI (pixels per inch) and DPI (dots per inch) which is incorrect since they are two totally different things.
 
As an astrophotographer I personally find noise generated in the camera to be the big problem. That is why we cool the camera first and then take a series of shots with the lens cap on that we then subtract from the actual astronomical images, which greatly reduces the noise in the final images. Shot noise does not come into it.

As for shot noise, it averages out during the exposure as the image builds photon by photon and is not really a problem in itself.
This is very interesting :)

Can you please elaborate a bit on how you subtract the lens cap shots from the astronomical images.

Is it as simple as putting the 2 images on top of each other in separate layers with the blend mode set to "Difference"?
 
Thanks all, I need to learn some more about adjusting exposures.

Perhaps I will start bracketing automatically and see if I can improve results that way
I think that a good understanding of the Exposure Triangle will help you a lot in getting exposures correct or at least very close in camera. Can reduce post processing time immensely.
Exposure triangle attempts to explain how to change shutter speed, aperture, and ISO setting in accord in order to maintain the lightness of a shot when the light is already measured.

OP's problem is not that, it's the metering technique itself that he needs to improve.

And no, I'm not defending exposure triangle. https://www.fastrawviewer.com/blog/mystic-exposure-triangle

--
http://www.libraw.org/
 
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Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Unless there are no important details in highlights, in which case overexposure CAN be corrected.
"Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping" - that's overexposed areas contain important details.

Reconstruction of lost details by extrapolation, AI, or touch-up is not what I would call correction.
You are presuming
What, where, why?
that ALL images have highlights and that those highlights contain important details.

If an image does NOT contain highlights (e.g. a low-key shot)
A low-key shot may contain highlights, only those are usually small. For example, the first shot in Wiki article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-key_lighting contains 3502 pixels at level 255. They are important, to establish contrast and to play at how we perceive images.
then overexposure CAN be TOTALLY corrected.
Meaning, unimportant highlights are blown out, and then the brightness is toned down to form featureless grey areas? I don't see how that results in the same image quality as starting from a better exposure. Could you provide an example, please?
End of story.
Seriously? And I was hoping for examples and explanations... Am I out of luck?
I know you think you are being very smart an amusing but a particularly dim wombat would see that you are trying to cover your embarrassment at being wrong by doing the Professor John I.Q. Nerdelbaum Frink Jr. routine, which simply makes you look sad.
 
Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Wrong.

Overexposure means the image is too bright.

Blown highlights, on the other hand, means details are lost and irretrievable.

You're describing blown highlights but calling it overexposure.
That would be a new use of "over exposure".
So when too much light hits the sensor and the picture looks brighter than intended, calling that 'overexposed' is new?
It's new to digital photography. With analog photography, over exposure didn't result in a lighter print. Typically the print had a lower contrast, or looked wrong as it hit the wrong part of the film's response curve.

Overexposure being the same as "too bright" came in with digital cameras as the JPEG brightness is tied to the relationship between exposure and ISO.

With digital cameras, "Over exposure" may just as easily be "Over ISO". If the image looks to bright, the issue may not be an incorrect exposure, the issue might be that the ISO was set too high. However, film habits are still going strong. When the exposure and ISO don't match, we still think the exposure is the culprit, and don't think of the ISO as being something we have control over.
Wonder if I can copyright that.

Please don't tell me you agree with Iliah that overexposure is the same as completely blowing details in the highlights.
"Over exposure" is an exposure that is higher than what you desired. If your goal is to minimize overall image noise, then you should shoot raw, and use the highest exposure that doesn't blowout highlights that you wish to retain. If that's your goal, then Iliah is correct.

However, that's not the only reasonable goal. If your goal is to get a useable JPEG out of the camera, then "Over exposure" is an exposure that results in an image lighter than you want it to be, when shooting at base ISO. If you are above base ISO, than an image that's too light might be from a good exposure, but too high an ISO setting.
Too silly for words. You are simply rehashing the age old exposure triangle and turning it on it's head. Are we supposed to be baffled by your inverse logic? Grow up.

The simple fact is that, as long as there are no blown highlights, overexposure can be fully corrected.
 
Thanks all, I need to learn some more about adjusting exposures.

Perhaps I will start bracketing automatically and see if I can improve results that way
I think that a good understanding of the Exposure Triangle will help you a lot in getting exposures correct or at least very close in camera. Can reduce post processing time immensely.
The main problem with that "Exposure Triangle" is that it omits the most important factor in Exposure - subject illumination. When shooting in nature you get to determine when you shoot, and where you shoot. Time of day and weather dramatically affect subject illumination, as does the direction you are shooting. Depending on the time of day, you will get dramatically different results depending on which side of the lake you are shooting from.

The other issue is one of nomenclature. Incorrect terminology can make it difficult for a beginner to learn a subject.

"Exposure" refers to the amount of light that falls on the sensor while the shutter is open (think of it as the number of photons hitting the sensor). The three main factors in Exposure are: Subject illumination, aperture, and shutter speed. "ISO" is not directly a factor in exposure, it's a factor in how we interpret the captured data.

What the linked article is actually talking about is "image lightness", how light or dark the final image looks. The main factors in that are Subject illumination, aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. What the article is really talking about is the "Lightness quadrangle."

While "exposure triangle" sounds simpler, it is teaching two incorrect concepts. "Exposure" is not the same as "Image Lightness". As a photographer, you almost always have the option of controlling (or influencing) subject illumination. At the very least you can decide to shoot during the day rather than at night, decide to shoot on a day where the weather is to your liking, or perhaps use fill flash or a reflector.

====

The author if the article is also a bit confused on the causes of image noise. While some image noise is from "random fluctuations in electrical signals", the biggest source of visible noise in low light images is usually the "shot noise". This is the noise inherent in the quantum nature of light. Even if the camera were perfect, and added no noise to the image, we would still have noisy images at very low light levels.
I use bracketing only for very high dynamic range scenes.
As an astrophotographer I personally find noise generated in the camera to be the big problem. That is why we cool the camera first and then take a series of shots with the lens cap on that we then subtract from the actual astronomical images, which greatly reduces the noise in the final images. Shot noise does not come into it.

As for shot noise, it averages out during the exposure as the image builds photon by photon and is not really a problem in itself.
Astrophotography is a special case. The issues facing an astrophotographer may not be the same as those facing most photographers.
The physics and the process are IDENTICAL, as are the major issues.
But in any case, the author of the article seemed to be more concerned with typical photography, and not astrophotography. We can tell this by his discussion of depth of field. Astrophotographers are frequently shooting subjects that act as if they were "infinitely" far away. Depth of field is not an issue for these subjects.
What has depth of field got to do with it? We are talking about image noise. And I note that you don't contest my facts.
 
As an astrophotographer I personally find noise generated in the camera to be the big problem. That is why we cool the camera first and then take a series of shots with the lens cap on that we then subtract from the actual astronomical images, which greatly reduces the noise in the final images. Shot noise does not come into it.

As for shot noise, it averages out during the exposure as the image builds photon by photon and is not really a problem in itself.
This is very interesting :)

Can you please elaborate a bit on how you subtract the lens cap shots from the astronomical images.

Is it as simple as putting the 2 images on top of each other in separate layers with the blend mode set to "Difference"?
It is done in special astronomical software that basically adds the "dark shots", as they are called, together and then subtracts the result from the image. We also take "white shots" of an even light source and use them in a similar way to correct for deficiencies in the optical system and sensor.

Many digital cameras actually have a noise reduction mode built in that works in a similar manner for long exposures: taking a second exposure with the shutter closed and subtracting the resulting noise. Check your cameras manual.
 
Shoot raw.

That gives you better control over white balance among many other benefits, including correcting that overexposure.
There is no correction to overexposure. Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping.
Unless there are no important details in highlights, in which case overexposure CAN be corrected.
"Overexposure means the important details in highlights are lost to clipping" - that's overexposed areas contain important details.

Reconstruction of lost details by extrapolation, AI, or touch-up is not what I would call correction.
You are presuming
What, where, why?
that ALL images have highlights and that those highlights contain important details.

If an image does NOT contain highlights (e.g. a low-key shot)
A low-key shot may contain highlights, only those are usually small. For example, the first shot in Wiki article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-key_lighting contains 3502 pixels at level 255. They are important, to establish contrast and to play at how we perceive images.
then overexposure CAN be TOTALLY corrected.
Meaning, unimportant highlights are blown out, and then the brightness is toned down to form featureless grey areas? I don't see how that results in the same image quality as starting from a better exposure. Could you provide an example, please?
End of story.
Seriously? And I was hoping for examples and explanations... Am I out of luck?
I know you think you are being very smart
How do you know what I think? Is it possible that you are mistaken?
an amusing but a particularly dim wombat would see that you are trying to cover your embarrassment at being wrong by doing the Professor John I.Q. Nerdelbaum Frink Jr. routine, which simply makes you look sad.
A dim wombat would in fact see exactly that; my target audience is on a different level :)

You are not showing any examples and not giving any explanations. You have nothing to say on the matter to prove your point.

Instead, you are throwing clumsy insults on me. Don't waste your time, I really don't care.

--
http://www.libraw.org/
 
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Astrophotography is a special case. The issues facing an astrophotographer may not be the same as those facing most photographers.
The physics and the process are IDENTICAL, as are the major issues.
The difference is that in astrophotography the light levels are low enough that the camera noise is a significant factor.

In typical non-astro low light photography, the light levels are a bit higher, and the shot noise is the dominant factor.

So while the physics is the same, astrophotography has a different balance of dominant factors.
But in any case, the author of the article seemed to be more concerned with typical photography, and not astrophotography. We can tell this by his discussion of depth of field. Astrophotographers are frequently shooting subjects that act as if they were "infinitely" far away. Depth of field is not an issue for these subjects.
What has depth of field got to do with it? We are talking about image noise. And I note that you don't contest my facts.
My point was that the article was not about astrophotography. In astrophotography, depth of field is usually not an issue. With many other genres, depth of field is a factor to be balanced. This is another example of how the balance of factors is different for astrophotography.
 
As an astrophotographer I personally find noise generated in the camera to be the big problem. That is why we cool the camera first and then take a series of shots with the lens cap on that we then subtract from the actual astronomical images, which greatly reduces the noise in the final images. Shot noise does not come into it.

As for shot noise, it averages out during the exposure as the image builds photon by photon and is not really a problem in itself.
This is very interesting :)

Can you please elaborate a bit on how you subtract the lens cap shots from the astronomical images.

Is it as simple as putting the 2 images on top of each other in separate layers with the blend mode set to "Difference"?
It is done in special astronomical software that basically adds the "dark shots", as they are called, together and then subtracts the result from the image. We also take "white shots" of an even light source and use them in a similar way to correct for deficiencies in the optical system and sensor.

Many digital cameras actually have a noise reduction mode built in that works in a similar manner for long exposures: taking a second exposure with the shutter closed and subtracting the resulting noise. Check your cameras manual.
Thank you very much for your explanation.

I have had a look through my camera's manual and yes, there is Custom Function "C.Fn-4 Long exposure noise reduction" available.

The next time I have an opportunity to take long exposures in low light I will make sure it is enabled.

I will also try in Photoshop Elements to replicate the effect of subtracting the lens caps shots from the actual image you described.
 

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