Finding the aperture range which gives the sharpest images

thereisnobeginning

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I had heard that every lens has a sweet spot in its aperture range which results in sharp pictures. I was curious about how this range is determined.

A search revealed a number of sites which described the procedure,. Essentially, one took multiple pictures, at different apertures, of the same object from the minimum distance at which the lens focuses.

Having some time to spend, I decided to see if I could find this range in the lenses that I have.

A picture of the setup that I used is appended. The camera is the Nikon D5600, with the AF-P 18-55 G VR kit lens that it came with. It is tethered to a laptop running Darktable under Linux. All operations are done from the laptop. The lens is placed at the minimum focus distance (in this case about 28cm) from the object, which is a large book supported in an open position. I took pictures at all the apertures at both 18mm and 55mm. All pictures are in RAW format. The procedure was repeated for the AF-P 70-300G ED VR lens, whose minimum focus distance is 110cm.

I found that, from the subjective viewpoint of my jaundiced eye, the sweet ranges are as follows:

For the 18-55: At 18mm : f6.3 to f11. At 55mm : f8 to f16

Can I conclude that f8 to f11 will give me the sharpest images at all focal lengths for this lens?

For the 70-300: At 70mm: f7 to f14. At 300mm: f10 to f20.

Similarly, can I conclude that f10 to f14 will give me the sharpest images at all focal lengths for this lens?

Is it necessary to repeat this at different object distances as well?

Is this in line with what is typical of these lenses? I would be grateful for comments from those with more experience in this, as well as suggestions which can improve the observations.

I realize that this setup is just too crude to give reliable results. However, it did give me some results, reliable or no.

Many thanks in advance.

The D5600 is tethered to the laptop via the USB cable, and pictures are taken remotely using Darktable.
The D5600 is tethered to the laptop via the USB cable, and pictures are taken remotely using Darktable.
 
I was using the camera's auto-focus, and the image did look focussed under live view when zoomed in.
There is really no way that resolution should be maintained on that sensor beyond f11. If you saw no deterioration due to diffraction going beyond that aperture, resolution may have been limited by something else (such as focus).
As mentioned above, I was using the camera auto-focus all the time. The evaluation of the images was visual, so of course it is subjective.

It would be nice to get a second opinion, though. The RAW files are available.

Regards.
I can't look at a raw file and determine whether the resolution is being limited by inaccurate focus. Diffraction must reduce resolution as aperture is reduced, if it does not then your resolution has already been limited by another factor (much as at wide apertures it is limited by sensor resolution and by lens aberrations if present; without these factors all lenses would be sharpest wide open).

It is perfectly possible that for your set up the highest resolution is attained beyond f11, but if so you might want to have your AF calibrated or lens serviced (or identify what else is limiting, because this should not be the case).
 
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It is perfectly possible that for your set up the highest resolution is attained beyond f11, but if so you might want to have your AF calibrated or lens serviced (or identify what else is limiting, because this should not be the case).
If this is the case, it would indeed be an alarming situation!

This means it is urgent that I find time to repeat the observations for the AF-P 70-300.

Regards.
 
It is perfectly possible that for your set up the highest resolution is attained beyond f11, but if so you might want to have your AF calibrated or lens serviced (or identify what else is limiting, because this should not be the case).
If this is the case, it would indeed be an alarming situation!

This means it is urgent that I find time to repeat the observations for the AF-P 70-300.

Regards.
With the D5600 there should be a gradual fall off in max resolution from f8 onwards (or maybe even f5.6) as you would see in the tests of basically any lens on any of the websites that show such things. If you do not then I think you must not be recording the optimal resolution possible. There could be many reasons for that - lens problem, AF problem, vibration, etc etc,. It might be a significant issue affecting your photographs or it might represent only a very minor deterioration of image quality or something that only applies in the test situation. But in theory your lenses should be capable of resolving higher than what can be achieved at f16/f20 and you should see higher resolution at wider apertures than this. The real question, however, is what applies when you take photographs. It is interesting what you have done, but whether it indicates a problem with your equipment or just limitations of the tests you did I can't say. AF calibration is worth considering because 1) it is something that would affect both lenses and 2) stopping down could increase apparent resolution through increased depth of field, so it could explain several of your observations. You could try using life view and seeing whether tweaking focus manually gives slightly sharper results than AF. You could try photographing a slanted target to see whether the optimal focus is slightly in front of or behind where AF thinks it should be. These tests would be best performed at the widest aperture.

Or, if your real-world images are fine at f8, you could stop worrying about it.
 
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Most zooms can be relied on to be their best at f8. my mind's made up by the way that I feel.
 

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