Equivalent focal length for MFT lenses

JeanPierre Martel wrote:
draleks wrote:
JeanPierre Martel wrote:
since that lens is made to draw a much bigger image (for a bigger senser) more light is lost inside the camera around the m4/3 sensor. In other words, light bounce back and forth inside the camera body. The consequence is that the image looks soft, specially on very pale objects and immediately around it (a halo effect).
Interesting point about light bouncing inside the camera body. Everything there is black, at least on my camera, but in high contrast situation there will have to be some reflections.
The color inside body cameras is said to be black. But actually, it's dark a grey color in North America (and a dark gray colour in UK). In order to appear so, that means that light is partially reflected. That explains the "halo effect" that I was talking about (on and around very pale objects).

If ever Panasonic and Olympus want instant sharpness improvement on their m4/3 cameras, they just have to start using really black coating inside their cameras. Unfortunately, users will start to complaint that these new models attracts dust more than the previous ones (simply because dust will be more obvious)...
That's a valid point.. The inside of the body on my PL-5 is actually a touch lighter than some parts of the body itself. The sensor itself is also quite reflective, think some of the reflected light bounces back on the sensor again?
 
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rrr_hhh wrote:
KenBalbari wrote:

No, you will have very different depth of field in your example, plus the FF sensor will have less noise, better dynamic range, and likely better color depth. In addition, you don't really need to say "twice as soft" for the lens, as a 300mm lens will naturally have twice the power of a 600mm lens of equal quality. If the glass is equal, the 600mm will be "twice as soft" so to speak, if you are comparing on a lp/mm basis.

But the best way to do equivalence is to realize that the apperture changes if you fix the f-stop and change the focal length. This is because what the "f" in f/6.7 stands for is "focal length". Those who deny this simply don't understand what an f-stop is. So if you change the focal length from 300mm to 600mm, in order to keep the aperture (and depth of field) the same, you need to also change f/6.7 to f/13.4.
F doesn't stand for focal length, although it has something to do with the focal length. The F number is a ratio and like all ratios also a dimensionless number, unlike the focal length which is measured in mm. It is the result of the focal length divided by the diameter of the entrance pupil of the lens. In fact F6.7 is a shortening of 1/6.7, aka the F number is the denominator of a ratio whose numerator is reduced to 1; this is why a greater F number corresponds to a smaller aperture and a small number to a greater aperture; F6.7 is an indication of the density of the light which will be allowed on the sensor ; it will remain the same for any sensor because it is a density. Here is what Wikipedia says about it : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number.
rrr_hhh
Your Wikipedia source agrees with me on this. First sentence in the summary at top:

"In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relative aperture) of an optical system is the ratio of the lens's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil."

And then again, first sentence in the first section:

"The f-number N is given by N=f/D where f is the focal length, and D is the diameter of the entrance pupil (often called the aperture). It is customary to write f-numbers preceded by f/, which forms a mathematical expression of the entrance pupil diameter in terms of f (a symbol denoting the focal length), and the f-number. "

It is quite clear that the "f" is for "focal length". And f/N means focal length divided by f-number. So f/2.8 means focal length divided by 2.8. And that is a measure of the aperture. If you measure f in mm, then the aperture is also in mm.
 
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rrr_hhh wrote:
The F number is a ratio and like all ratios also a dimensionless number, unlike the focal length which is measured in mm. It is the result of the focal length divided by the diameter of the entrance pupil of the lens. In fact F6.7 is a shortening of 1/6.7, aka the F number is the denominator of a ratio whose numerator is reduced to 1; this is why a greater F number corresponds to a smaller aperture and a small number to a greater aperture; F6.7 is an indication of the density of the light which will be allowed on the sensor ; it will remain the same for any sensor because it is a density. Here is what Wikipedia says about it : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number
You're absolutely right. When you say the "density of light", allow me to say it otherwise: it's the number of photons that will hit the sensor per square mm.

At F/6,7, the same number of photons per mm2 will hit the sensor whatever the mount (m4/3 lens or full-frame), the focal length (12mm, 60mm, 300mm, 600mm). So the brightness of the image will be the same.

Since the sensor is 4 times bigger on a FF camera, of course the 600mm FF lens is a lot bigger than the 300mm m4/3 lens. But the end result is the same except for the Depth of field, which is a different matter.

At F/6.7, a 300mm m4/3 lens will have the same DOF as a 600mm FF lens at F/13.
 
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draleks wrote:
The sensor itself is also quite reflective, think some of the reflected light bounces back on the sensor again?
The flange distance being a lot shorter in m4/3 cameras (compared to reflex cameras) that phenomenon has to be taken into account. That's why Olympus, who has a huge experience in electronic microscopes (there lenses nearly touch the subject), has allowed its camera division to access its technology in order to apply these sophisticated coatings at the back of their lenses in order to minimize that.

This is one of the secrets that explain the amazing sharpness of most of the recent primes made by Olympus.
 
JeanPierre Martel wrote:
rrr_hhh wrote:
The F number is a ratio and like all ratios also a dimensionless number, unlike the focal length which is measured in mm. It is the result of the focal length divided by the diameter of the entrance pupil of the lens. In fact F6.7 is a shortening of 1/6.7, aka the F number is the denominator of a ratio whose numerator is reduced to 1; this is why a greater F number corresponds to a smaller aperture and a small number to a greater aperture; F6.7 is an indication of the density of the light which will be allowed on the sensor ; it will remain the same for any sensor because it is a density. Here is what Wikipedia says about it : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number
You're absolutely right. When you say the "density of light", allow me to say it otherwise: it's the number of photons that will hit the sensor per square mm.
No that is not right. The f-number does NOT tell you anything about the density of light or number of photons. That is going to depend as well on the scene luminance and exposure time. The f number only tells you the relationship of the focal length to the aperture.
 
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KenBalbari wrote:

Your Wikipedia source agrees with me on this. First sentence in the summary at top:

"In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relative aperture) of an optical system is the ratio of the lens's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil."
That's what she says: it's a ratio.
And f/N means focal length divided by f-number. So f/2.8 means focal length divided by 2.8. And that is a measure of the aperture. If you measure f in mm, then the aperture is also in mm.
It's more complicated than that. F/2,8 means the focal length of the lens (let's say 50mm) divided by 2,8. It indicates the relative diameter of the opening of the iris. For a given lens, the more that diameter is big, the more the F stop is small. So it's an reverse relation for a given lens.

However, when we compare two different lenses, that diameter will be smaller in a 12mm prime lens compared to a 60mm prime lens when both are at F/2,8. Why ? Because the F stop number is a ratio and nothing but a ratio.
 
KenBalbari wrote:

The f-number does NOT tell you anything about the density of light or number of photons. That is going to depend as well on the scene luminance and exposure time.
Please Ken, let's not complicate the discussion. We are talking about the same scene, shot in the same lightning conditions and same ISO setting but taken by two cameras -- m4/3 camera and a Full-frame.

What I'm saying is that the diameter of the opening of the iris will be different in a 600mm vs 12mm lens but the ratio of that opening vs the focal length will be the same when both are set at F/2,8 and when, of course, they are both m4/3 lenses.

Because the F stop number is a ratio and nothing but a ratio. It's not an absolute measurement in mm, for example.
 
JeanPierre Martel wrote:
KenBalbari wrote:
Your Wikipedia source agrees with me on this. First sentence in the summary at top:

"In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relative aperture) of an optical system is the ratio of the lens's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil."
That's what she says: it's a ratio.
Yes, that's what I said in the first place, but the f in that ratio is for "focal length". All f/6.7 means, is that the aperture is equal to the focal length divided by 6.7.
And f/N means focal length divided by f-number. So f/2.8 means focal length divided by 2.8. And that is a measure of the aperture. If you measure f in mm, then the aperture is also in mm.
It's more complicated than that.
It's not more complicated than that. All f/6.7 means, is that the aperture is equal to the focal length divided by 6.7.
F/2,8 means the focal length of the lens (let's say 50mm) divided by 2,8. It indicates the relative diameter of the opening of the iris. For a given lens, the more that diameter is big, the more the F stop is small. So it's an reverse relation for a given lens.

However, when we compare two different lenses, that diameter will be smaller in a 12mm prime lens compared to a 60mm prime lens when both are at F/2,8. Why ? Because the F stop number is a ratio and nothing but a ratio.
Exactly what I said in the first place. If you change the focal length, you change the f-number. Unless you fix the f-number instead, which means you are changing the aperture (which also changes the depth of field in the image).
 
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JeanPierre Martel wrote:
KenBalbari wrote:

The f-number does NOT tell you anything about the density of light or number of photons. That is going to depend as well on the scene luminance and exposure time.
Please Ken, let's not complicate the discussion. We are talking about the same scene, shot in the same lightning conditions and same ISO setting but taken by two cameras -- m4/3 camera and a Full-frame.

What I'm saying is that the diameter of the opening of the iris will be different in a 600mm vs 12mm lens but the ratio of that opening vs the focal length will be the same when both are set at F/2,8 and when, of course, they are both m4/3 lenses.

Because the F stop number is a ratio and nothing but a ratio. It's not an absolute measurement in mm, for example.
Agree, but you also won't have equivalent images then, other than in angle of view and exposure. Like I said in the first place, if you want to limit it to that, it's easier to simply talk about equivalent angle of view, and leave ISO and f-number out of it.

Otherwise, you end up misleading people into making the error the original poster made above.
 
KenBalbari wrote:
Yes, that's what I said in the first place
Bravo. We are all saying the same thing. So sorry if I misunderstood your message.
If you change the focal length, you change the f-number. Unless you fix the f-number instead, which means you are changing the aperture (which also changes the depth of field in the image).
Say that otherwise. I have no clue about what that means.

If you mean that 300mm m4/3 lens at F/2,8 = 600mm FF lens at F/5,6, that's true for the depth-of-field and for the angle-of-view only. But that's not the case for the brightness of the picture (the ISO being the same of course).

The same object shot with a 300mm m4/3 lens (on a m4/3 camera) and a 600mm FF lens (on a FF camera) will only look exposed the same way if the F stop number is the same on both lenses because that's the only way to get the same light density (same number of photons per mm2) to reach their respective sensor.

If the F stop number is set to F/5,6 on the FF lens (in order to have the same DOF), the image will be darker. So you have to set the ISO higher on the FF camera and consequently, lose some of the IQ advantage of the bigger sensor.
 
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draleks wrote:

There is a lot of talk about comparing lenses for MFT with APS or full format lenses. So I want to check if the following comparison is correct. If I have an MFT 300 mm f/6.7 lens, and a full format 600mm f/6.7 lens that is of a worse manufacturing quality and just happens to be twice as soft as the MFT lens. Then, on equal ISO values, those two lenses will be an exact match. Right?
Firstly, let me remove all the BS:

You have MFT 6.7/300 attached to MFT camera, and you have FF 6.7/600 attached to FF camera. Now, you're taking shot from the same spot with both cameras.

1. you will get the same FOV

2. If you set the same F stop and shutter speed, you will get the same IOS.

3. If F stops are the same, DOF will be 4 times deeper on M43

--
Looking for equilibrium...
 
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JeanPierre Martel wrote:
KenBalbari wrote:
Yes, that's what I said in the first place
Bravo. We are all saying the same thing. So sorry if I misunderstood your message.
If you change the focal length, you change the f-number. Unless you fix the f-number instead, which means you are changing the aperture (which also changes the depth of field in the image).
Say that otherwise. I have no clue about what that means.

If you mean that 300mm m4/3 lens at F/2,8 = 600mm FF lens at F/5,6, that's true for the depth-of-field and for the angle-of-view only. But that's not the case for the brightness of the picture (the ISO being the same of course).
I mean that f-number equals f/D. So if you change f, you change the f-number. Unless you choose to change D (the aperture diameter) instead. But as I explained it above in my first post, if you keep D the same and change the f-number, then you have also changed the exposure, and have to increase ISO as well to compensate.
The same object shot with a 300mm m4/3 lens (on a m4/3 camera) and a 600mm FF lens (on a FF camera) will only look exposed the same way if the F stop number is the same on both lenses because that's the only way to get the same light density (same number of photons per mm2) to reach their respective sensor.

If the F stop number is set to F/5,6 on the FF lens (in order to have the same DOF), the image will be darker. So you have to set the ISO higher on the FF camera and consequently, lose some of the IQ advantage of the bigger sensor.
Agree. Though you might maintain an advantage in resolution, if there was any at the sensor level. Since we are comparing different lenses, lens resolution will depend also on the individual lens, but there is no reason in theory why it should be any different at the lens level given equvalent quality glass; that is, the glass does not have to be "twice as sharp" to produce the same resolution. The sensor is where you need more pixel density to match the resolution.

The only place I see people getting confused on equivalence is when f-number is also mentioned without specifying ISO or mentioning the effect on depth of field.

But I think the nearest you can get to an overall equivalent image, assuming same image size and viewing distance, is usually to say the 135 film format camera has to use 2 times the focal length, 2 times the f-number, and 4 times the ISO (and assuming the same shutter speed of course). But even that is imperfect (though it at least comes close on recent models such as the 6D).
 
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JeanPierre Martel wrote:
draleks wrote:
The sensor itself is also quite reflective, think some of the reflected light bounces back on the sensor again?
The flange distance being a lot shorter in m4/3 cameras (compared to reflex cameras) that phenomenon has to be taken into account. That's why Olympus, who has a huge experience in electronic microscopes (there lenses nearly touch the subject), has allowed its camera division to access its technology in order to apply these sophisticated coatings at the back of their lenses in order to minimize that.

This is one of the secrets that explain the amazing sharpness of most of the recent primes made by Olympus.
Interesting.
 
Detail Man wrote:
draleks wrote:

There is a lot of talk about comparing lenses for MFT with APS or full format lenses. So I want to check if the following comparison is correct. If I have an MFT 300 mm f/6.7 lens, and a full format 600mm f/6.7 lens that is of a worse manufacturing quality and just happens to be twice as soft as the MFT lens.
You've scaled the Focal Length by the ratio of the Crop Factors (for FOV), but haven't scaled the F-Number by the ratio of the Crop Factors (for DOF). "Twice as soft" is a vague phrase. The spatial frequency response of subject-matter across the image-frame is different than Depth of Field.
I don't think this is how it works. An MFT f/6.7 will illuminate the sensor with the same amount of light per unit area as an FF f/6.7. The difference is of course that the FF area is four times as large, so an FF sensor should be able to take equally "good" picture with four times less light per unit area. So my idea is that:

If

1) The lens on the FF system is of worse quality then the MFT lens, so that the softness (and possibly other optical imperfections) are vaguely twice as large as the MFT lens.

and apparently also,

2) The sensor on the FF system is of worse quality (for example older), and has the same ISO capability as the MFT sensor,

then the IQ of those two system should be a very close match.


Nonetheless, the FF system will offer a more shallow depth of field. If this holds, then a high quality 300 mm MFT lens on a high quality MFT body produces as good photos as an older FF system with a 600 mm lens, despite the latter being much more bulky and probably also more expensive.
Then, on equal ISO values, those two lenses will be an exact match. Right?
Shutter Speed is what you want equal. Exposure/Total Light are not functions of ISO Sensitivity.
 
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draleks wrote:
Detail Man wrote:
draleks wrote:

There is a lot of talk about comparing lenses for MFT with APS or full format lenses. So I want to check if the following comparison is correct. If I have an MFT 300 mm f/6.7 lens, and a full format 600mm f/6.7 lens that is of a worse manufacturing quality and just happens to be twice as soft as the MFT lens.
You've scaled the Focal Length by the ratio of the Crop Factors (for FOV), but haven't scaled the F-Number by the ratio of the Crop Factors (for DOF). "Twice as soft" is a vague phrase. The spatial frequency response of subject-matter across the image-frame is different than Depth of Field.
I don't think this is how it works.
That is exactly how it works to achieve equal DOF and Total Light delivered to any two formats.
An MFT f/6.7 will illuminate the sensor with the same amount of light per unit area as an FF f/6.7. The difference is of course that the FF area is four times as large, so an FF sensor should be able to take equally "good" picture with four times less light per unit area. So my idea is that:

If

1) The lens on the FF system is of worse quality then the MFT lens, so that the softness (and possibly other optical imperfections) are vaguely twice as large as the MFT lens.

and apparently also,

2) The sensor on the FF system is of worse quality (for example older), and has the same ISO capability as the MFT sensor,

then the IQ of those two system should be a very close match.


Nonetheless, the FF system will offer a more shallow depth of field.
That sounds like a lot of "ifs and buts", there. Yes, the FF DOF will be shallower (if the MFT F-Number is the same). My point was that if the MFT F-Number equals one-half of the FF F-Number (divided by the ratio of the Crop Factors), then the DOF will be the same (because the diameter of the Entrance Pupil, and thus the Total Light delivered, will be the same).
Then, on equal ISO values, those two lenses will be an exact match. Right?
Shutter Speed is what you want equal. Exposure/Total Light are not functions of ISO Sensitivity.
 
JeanPierre Martel wrote:
draleks wrote:
Right, I see what you mean. But what if I mount the MFT lens on an MFT body and the FF lens on an FF body? Will the IQ be comparable then?
There is a relation between sensor size and IQ. Everybody knows that large-sensor compacts and mirrorless cameras take better images than compacts with tiny sensors.
Of course - assuming the tech is equally old. Where I am the cheapest FF is twice as expensive as the most expensive MFT so not everybody will not be able to upgrade every second year. An OM-D EM-6 or even EM-7 vs Nikon D600 is not necessarily an unfair comparison.
So FF cameras have a slightly wider dynamic range (IQ) than m4/3 cameras. It was very obvious with first generation of m4/3 cameras: it's less obvious with the latest ones, but that's still true, even today.

Theoretically, the same should be true when m4/3 cameras are compared to APS-C cameras. But there is a controversy about that. Because all our lenses are state-of-the-art lenses, made during the last few years, they are all good and, sometimes, exceptionally good. That blurs the gap in such an extend that we can say that the IQ in a camera like the OM-D, is as good or better than some reflex cameras.
Thanks for your answer!
 
slimandy wrote:

You need to clarify the question a bit. Are you using them both on the same body?
I meant to use the FF lens on an FF body. Aslo, the body would match the lens in being of lower quality, perhaps due to being older tech. What I want is a point of comaprison between MFT and FF systems. Oly and Panasonic apparently want us to think that a 300mm MFT is basically the same as a 600mm FF. I think there might be some truth to it, but only if both the lens and the body are of a very superior quality

Bear in mind the focal length does not change. The difference comes from the size of the sensor, not the length of the lens. A 600mm lens is twice as long as a 300mm lens.

A 300mm f6.7 lens on MFT will give an equivalent field of view and depth of field as a 600mm f13 lens on FF.
I know. A shallow depth of field is not always desirable, so equivalent DOF is not necessarily relevant.

If you use a 600mm f6.7 lens on MFT it will give you the equivalent of 1200mm f13 on FF.

If you are using a 600mm f6.7 on FF and want to replicate it on MFT you will need a 300mm f3.5.
A 300mm f3.5 would be great, yes :D

http://www.amazon.com/Olympus-300mm...1&sr=8-1&keywords=Olympus+300mm+f/2.8+ED+Lens

 
draleks wrote:
slimandy wrote:

You need to clarify the question a bit. Are you using them both on the same body?
I meant to use the FF lens on an FF body. Aslo, the body would match the lens in being of lower quality, perhaps due to being older tech. What I want is a point of comaprison between MFT and FF systems. Oly and Panasonic apparently want us to think that a 300mm MFT is basically the same as a 600mm FF. I think there might be some truth to it, but only if both the lens and the body are of a very superior quality
Bear in mind the focal length does not change. The difference comes from the size of the sensor, not the length of the lens. A 600mm lens is twice as long as a 300mm lens.

A 300mm f6.7 lens on MFT will give an equivalent field of view and depth of field as a 600mm f13 lens on FF.
I know. A shallow depth of field is not always desirable, so equivalent DOF is not necessarily relevant.
If you use a 600mm f6.7 lens on MFT it will give you the equivalent of 1200mm f13 on FF.

If you are using a 600mm f6.7 on FF and want to replicate it on MFT you will need a 300mm f3.5.
A 300mm f3.5 would be great, yes :D

http://www.amazon.com/Olympus-300mm...1&sr=8-1&keywords=Olympus+300mm+f/2.8+ED+Lens
Too bad it's not MFT.
 
Anders W wrote:
draleks wrote:

There is a lot of talk about comparing lenses for MFT with APS or full format lenses. So I want to check if the following comparison is correct. If I have an MFT 300 mm f/6.7 lens, and a full format 600mm f/6.7 lens that is of a worse manufacturing quality and just happens to be twice as soft as the MFT lens. Then, on equal ISO values, those two lenses will be an exact match. Right?
I am not sure exactly what you are getting at here. But as far as resolution is concerned, an MFT lens mounted on an MFT camera has to have twice the resolution per mm on the sensor as an FF lens on an FF camera in order to yield an equally sharp image when the two images are displayed at the same size. This is because the image from the smaller MFT sensor has to be magnified twice as much to reach the same display size as the image from the FF sensor. In this regard, the MFT lens faces a tougher challenge than the FF lens. On the other hand, the FF lens faces the difficulty of having to cover an image circle with twice the diameter of the MFT lens. This evens out the score.

As to exposure and ISO, the two camera-lens combos (300 on MFT versus 600 on FF) will behave the same way. However, at any given exposure setting, e.g., f/6.7 and 1/1000 s, the FF combo will accumulate four times as much light due to the sensor area being four times larger. At the same time it will have more shallow depth of field at the same subject distance (and thus the same magnification). In order for the two combos to gather the same amount of light and have the same depth of field, the FF lens would have to be stopped down two stops further than the MFT lens, e.g., f/6.7 on MFT versus f/13 on FF.
Thank you for a clear response. Of course the FF system will gather four times more light due to a four times larger sensor, so the sensor on the MFT will also be facing a tougher challenge with four times less light per pixel given equal image resolution.
 
s_grins wrote:
draleks wrote:

There is a lot of talk about comparing lenses for MFT with APS or full format lenses. So I want to check if the following comparison is correct. If I have an MFT 300 mm f/6.7 lens, and a full format 600mm f/6.7 lens that is of a worse manufacturing quality and just happens to be twice as soft as the MFT lens. Then, on equal ISO values, those two lenses will be an exact match. Right?
Firstly, let me remove all the BS:

You have MFT 6.7/300 attached to MFT camera, and you have FF 6.7/600 attached to FF camera. Now, you're taking shot from the same spot with both cameras.

1. you will get the same FOV

2. If you set the same F stop and shutter speed, you will get the same IOS.

3. If F stops are the same, DOF will be 4 times deeper on M43
 

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