The amount of background blur is affected by four things. I am talking practical terms - so if some legal eagle wants to get all technical on me just keep in mind that its OP is a newbie and I am trying to help by giving practical information and not a dissertation on physics.
The first is aperture. f/1.8 gives much more background blur than f/5.6. Aperture is what nearly everyone keys in on because it is relatively easy to just spend money to get a larger aperture lens.
The second most important is focal length. You get more background blur from an 85 f/1.8 than a 35 f/1.8. This is one of the reasons that portraits are usually better with longer focal lengths. The Nikon 200 f/2 gives absolutely huge amounts of background blur when shot at f/2.
The third is subject to background distance. The farther your background is from your subject, the blurrier it looks. Try it with your existing lens to see.
The fourth is the subject to camera distance. The shorter the distance the narrower the DOF, and the more blurry the background. This is how macro lenses can get blurry backgrounds at f/8 - bacause the subject is very, very close.
Now you can get some pretty blurry backgrounds if you use the last three out of four. I use my 55-200 VR for portaits sometimes with good results (not fantastic - just good) buy using the minimal aperture (f/5.6), the longest focal length (200mm), and having the background be at least 3x farther away from me as my subject. It also helps if the background is not "busy".
If you really want a whole lot of background blur, you need to either buy a lens with more focal length than the 50, or a larger aperture, or both. The 85 1.8 AF-D comes to mind as a good inexpensive choice. Longer or larger aperture would be even better, but would cost more than your existing kit, unless you wanted to go for a MF only lens.
If you want to try MF, the Nikon 105 f/2.5 AI is a fantastic portrait lens and gives more background blur (and smoother) than the 50 f/1.8 G. However it is more expensive and MF only. Just keep in mind that this lens needs a lot more room to operate than the 50 or 85 and is often quite restricting indoors with a crop body such as the D90.
--
Catallaxy