Low light level and focussing for K-5

As any lens might be VERY off with respect to IR focus, it would be VERY stupid of Pentax not to include an IR filter in the AF optics. So ... I really, really, really hope Pentax do not make so simple mistakes.
Roland, even if there is an Infra Red (IR) filter, and I would hope there is, that wouldn't solve the problem of relative Chromatic Aberration (CA) in the Auto Focus (AF) light chain for visible light, which is where the problem appears.

Regards, GordonBGood
 
BTW, my K200D also front focuses for very dim light as described above (f/4 lens at f/4 ISO 1600 1/8 second) which as at about 4000 degrees Kelvin and is fine in brighter light. This also makes sense as the phase detector picks up more and more reddish rather than bluish tones at dimmer light levels, even though it is monotone sensitive.

As a thought, has someone done a similar test for a "Gold AF Standard" D700 or D300(s)?
It is light enough here to put the ND filters on the K20D and I do not see the same focus shift when the light through the lens is reduced as I do with the K5.
Ray, how low did you reduce it in terms of Light Value (LV)?
Since the K20D does not have the magic + in the SAFOX AF system, it also does not have the color sensor.

Unless the K20D AF system is far better corrected ithan the K5 for IR focus shift or CA, (doubtful), I think that something else is amiss.
But it may be better corrected.
Based upon my tests so far, I see no reason why an increasing correction could not be applied as the meter reads less light It might not be perfect in every case with every lens, but it would be a lot closer than what we have now.
Yes, I agree that one of the solutions might be to provide the ability to provide a model of how focus shifts with lower light .
Personally, I would be happy to simply test my lenses and add another offset for low light if the functionality were to be available to me. The bias is always FF, so the test and adjustment would be easy.
I agree, as long as it works, although some might find the procedure confusing.
I am testing my lenses in this manner and will record the results for use in making manual adjustments for low light conditions, but in some cases I might not have enough adjustment left to correct for the worst case lighting. If so, that means I have to stop down a bit as well or use a different lens.
I just did the same test as yesterday using my K200D (AFAIK the same AF system as the K20D) and found that my best lens, the DA 40 f/2.8 Limited, also front focuses for about the same lighting colour temperature of 4000K as yesterday but at LV of about 1.0. I only have three lenses with me, but I am quite sure that all will do about the same (the other one is the 18-55 kit lens, which is hard to test a the close distances required to show focus errors).

Regards, GordonBGood
 
Ray, Roland, et al, I have a hypothesis but no K-5 or K-7 so will rely on you to check this out:

Rather than the expense of a CA corrected AF light chain, which likely wouldn't be perfect anyway, it seems that these two cameras use the "+" part of Safox to measure the White Balance (WB) and do a Auto Focus (AF) correction based on that. This works well in bright light where an an accurate measurement of WB can be made, even for bright tungsten; however, it was forgotten that in dim light there isn't really anything of colour to measure: That's why our eye's response in dim light depends on black and white receptors (which are also more sensitive).

In the above case, Pentax could do one of two things, try to continue to use the WB adjustments even though there is a large margin of error but try to design that error to drive the front focus to be no worse than if "+" was not there, or if the errors are larger than what is trying to be corrected for, just give up and don't correct. In either case, even for daylight type of lighting, due to having to allow for the balances between the RGB sensors, it is likely that the green channel is the strongest followed by the red and blue. As the light level drops, especially for the "warrmer" indoor lighting, it is likely the blue level that will get fuzziest to the point of not being able to be discerned followed very slightly later by the red channel. At that point, there is no way of determining WB accurately and it likely occurs about a stop or two above the minimum metering/AF capability for the maximum aperture of the lens used since AF is wide open . For a f/1.4 lens, that would be about LV 0 to 2, for a f/2.8 lens about 2 to 4, and for a f/4 lens about 3 to 5. Just for reference, a f/2.8 lens at ISO 3200 is 1/16 second expsoure for LV = 2.

If I'm right, there isn't much that Pentax can do about accurate AF in low light, as anything they do would be a compromise. They could assume that low light might be tungsten and do a partial correction, but then it might be just low light fluorescent or halogen and the guess would be wrong. The most they could do in this case is use the WB preset as a hint as to how much correction to apply since it can't be measured. However, if the conjecture that low light daylight illumination is also wrong, then they could use a model to predict how AF distance varies with light level and apply that instead of or on top of the normal "+" WB correction.

BTW, my K200D also front focuses for very dim light as described above (f/4 lens at f/4 ISO 1600 1/8 second) which as at about 4000 degrees Kelvin and is fine in brighter light. This also makes sense as the phase detector picks up more and more reddish rather than bluish tones at dimmer light levels, even though it is monotone sensitive.
Gordon -

How do you explain that my 645, which has the same hardware and a lower speed lens (f2.8) has no trouble in same light situations sa K-5 consistently front focuses? How does this jive with above theory?
I trust that a $10,000 camera wouldn't skimp on a CA corrected AF light chain, so it may well be that the 645D wouldn't have a problem even even without the Safox "+" AF system, which is just icing on the cake. Also, as mentioned, there may be a firmware problem for the K-7 and K-5 in choosing at what light level to stop using the Safox "+" corrections and just go with as the normal AF chain works.

Regards, GordonBGood
 
It is light enough here to put the ND filters on the K20D and I do not see the same focus shift when the light through the lens is reduced as I do with the K5.
Ray, how low did you reduce it in terms of Light Value (LV)?
I stacked 1 each .9 ND and 2 each .6 NDs (Tiffens). .9 = 3 stops, .6 = 2 stops. The resulting exposure was 1/2 sec f2.8 ISO 1600. This seemed to be just above or at the metering cut-off limit as any further reduction caused the metering to blink.

If my math is right (correct me if I am wrong), this is about EV 0, which makes sense as the K20D meter cuts off at EV 0, I believe. If there was any focus shift, it was very small and within tolerance of the system. This corresponds also to the many thousands of well focused indoor images I have shot with two K20D bodies in all sorts of lighting types and levels.

The K5 moves the lens a very noticeable amount in the same test (filters on/off, same lighting).

I do not yet have a lot of experience with the K5, but shooting in a typical room on Christmas Eve with reasonable room lighting (mainly tungsten), the K5 was front focusing noticeably (DA* 16-50 on the K5, my indoor workhorse lens).

I dialed in more focus adjust and the remaining shots were very sharp.

My typical indoor setup is: 400 ISO, AV mode, f5.6 540 bounce with Demb large flip+diffuser. This setup on the K20D was all but automatic with any sort of white ceiling that was not too high.
Since the K20D does not have the magic + in the SAFOX AF system, it also does not have the color sensor.

Unless the K20D AF system is far better corrected ithan the K5 for IR focus shift or CA, (doubtful), I think that something else is amiss.
But it may be better corrected.
Or, it might not have a color sensor algorithm that has a bug in it :)
Based upon my tests so far, I see no reason why an increasing correction could not be applied as the meter reads less light It might not be perfect in every case with every lens, but it would be a lot closer than what we have now.
Yes, I agree that one of the solutions might be to provide the ability to provide a model of how focus shifts with lower light .
Personally, I would be happy to simply test my lenses and add another offset for low light if the functionality were to be available to me. The bias is always FF, so the test and adjustment would be easy.
I agree, as long as it works, although some might find the procedure confusing.
I am testing my lenses in this manner and will record the results for use in making manual adjustments for low light conditions, but in some cases I might not have enough adjustment left to correct for the worst case lighting. If so, that means I have to stop down a bit as well or use a different lens.
I just did the same test as yesterday using my K200D (AFAIK the same AF system as the K20D) and found that my best lens, the DA 40 f/2.8 Limited, also front focuses for about the same lighting colour temperature of 4000K as yesterday but at LV of about 1.0. I only have three lenses with me, but I am quite sure that all will do about the same (the other one is the 18-55 kit lens, which is hard to test a the close distances required to show focus errors).

Regards, GordonBGood
The jury is still out on wavelength versus light level or both, it seems.

I might be able to get some tests in Friday in full daylight if it is not rainy here. I have a decent selection of lenses to choose from, including the 40mm f2.8, so I can use that if you want. BTW, the 40 f2.8 and my 43 LTD both need max adjustment on the K5 for good focus in daylight. The 43 at max adjustment is still not quite perfectly adjusted and is FF, so this lens has no room for more adjustment on the K5 for low light. The rest of my lenses are closer to zero, but all needed some adjustment.

I have a Sekonic handheld meter that I can use for an incident reading of the light falling on the subject.

Ray
 
Frankly, this seems rather trivial to me. The camera knows the meter reading, so even if this were to be a universal setting, it isn't rocket science to make a table of offsets that are included at given light levels. The best way would still be to be able to set the offset per lens based upon actual AF tests at given light levels.
Ray, it would be fairly trivial to do a fix for the K-7 and K-5 in this way if the low light focus shifts are not dependent on the colour of the illuminant but are more or less the same error for every illuminant as the light level drops. What you are suggesting is just a correction model for the actual camera focus performance, and it could be applied in factory or as a user accessible overall camera micro adjustment proportional to light level.

However, if the amount of front or back focus varies greatly with colour of the illumination, then this fix wouldn't really help and could make things worse.

Regards, GordonBGood
 
It is light enough here to put the ND filters on the K20D and I do not see the same focus shift when the light through the lens is reduced as I do with the K5.
Ray, how low did you reduce it in terms of Light Value (LV)?
I stacked 1 each .9 ND and 2 each .6 NDs (Tiffens). .9 = 3 stops, .6 = 2 stops. The resulting exposure was 1/2 sec f2.8 ISO 1600. This seemed to be just above or at the metering cut-off limit as any further reduction caused the metering to blink.

If my math is right (correct me if I am wrong), this is about EV 0, which makes sense as the K20D meter cuts off at EV 0, I believe. If there was any focus shift, it was very small and within tolerance of the system. This corresponds also to the many thousands of well focused indoor images I have shot with two K20D bodies in all sorts of lighting types and levels.
Ray, LV 0 is correct ;). If the lens was a f/2.8 aperture lens and the lighting was of a daylight nature, than it shows that the K20D doesn't have a low light issue for this colour of illuminant . I suspect that it will have a front focus issue for tungsten lighting no matter the lighting level just as my K200D has, and just as recently demonstrated for the K-r by alberto_b.
The K5 moves the lens a very noticeable amount in the same test (filters on/off, same lighting).
This means that the Safox "+" system is making things worse for this colour of illumination for low light. This would support a conjecture that either: 1)the current firmware is assuming that the light will be tungsten when the light drops below a threshold, or 2) that the operation of the WB "+" system under this colour of illuminant is consistently causing a front focus error for low light.

The missing part of the puzzle would be to do the same test with the same cameras in tungsten lighting, assuming that this was done in daylight, or vice versa.
I do not yet have a lot of experience with the K5, but shooting in a typical room on Christmas Eve with reasonable room lighting (mainly tungsten), the K5 was front focusing noticeably (DA* 16-50 on the K5, my indoor workhorse lens).

I dialed in more focus adjust and the remaining shots were very sharp.

My typical indoor setup is: 400 ISO, AV mode, f5.6 540 bounce with Demb large flip+diffuser. This setup on the K20D was all but automatic with any sort of white ceiling that was not too high.
Since the K20D does not have the magic + in the SAFOX AF system, it also does not have the color sensor.

Unless the K20D AF system is far better corrected ithan the K5 for IR focus shift or CA, (doubtful), I think that something else is amiss.
But it may be better corrected.
Or, it might not have a color sensor algorithm that has a bug in it :)
Based upon my tests so far, I see no reason why an increasing correction could not be applied as the meter reads less light It might not be perfect in every case with every lens, but it would be a lot closer than what we have now.
Yes, I agree that one of the solutions might be to provide the ability to provide a model of how focus shifts with lower light .
Personally, I would be happy to simply test my lenses and add another offset for low light if the functionality were to be available to me. The bias is always FF, so the test and adjustment would be easy.
I agree, as long as it works, although some might find the procedure confusing.
I am testing my lenses in this manner and will record the results for use in making manual adjustments for low light conditions, but in some cases I might not have enough adjustment left to correct for the worst case lighting. If so, that means I have to stop down a bit as well or use a different lens.
I just did the same test as yesterday using my K200D (AFAIK the same AF system as the K20D) and found that my best lens, the DA 40 f/2.8 Limited, also front focuses for about the same lighting colour temperature of 4000K as yesterday but at LV of about 1.0. I only have three lenses with me, but I am quite sure that all will do about the same (the other one is the 18-55 kit lens, which is hard to test a the close distances required to show focus errors).
The jury is still out on wavelength versus light level or both, it seems.

I might be able to get some tests in Friday in full daylight if it is not rainy here. I have a decent selection of lenses to choose from, including the 40mm f2.8, so I can use that if you want. BTW, the 40 f2.8 and my 43 LTD both need max adjustment on the K5 for good focus in daylight. The 43 at max adjustment is still not quite perfectly adjusted and is FF, so this lens has no room for more adjustment on the K5 for low light. The rest of my lenses are closer to zero, but all needed some adjustment.

I have a Sekonic handheld meter that I can use for an incident reading of the light falling on the subject.
Ray, that sounds good. We need at least two data points as to illuminant colour temperature with the same tests to prove what it is. I see no problems continuing to use your 16-50 f/2.8 lens for testing (I assume that's what you used), since you know it and since it does not require so much AF micro adjust normally.

Best regards, GordonBGood
 
While this makes some optical sense, especially if the bias is consistent, I do not see where anyhone has ever been able to conclusively prove that IR is the culprit. Please post any links of tests if you have them.
I did tests for myself rather than to convince anyone else. So you can either take my results to consideration or not. If you personally wanna prove anything - you are welcome.
 
Roland, even if there is an Infra Red (IR) filter, and I would hope there is, that wouldn't solve the problem of relative Chromatic Aberration (CA) in the Auto Focus (AF) light chain for visible light, which is where the problem appears.
I know.

My post was a reply to Oleg_V who claims that IR content in the light affects the focussing.

--
Roland

support http://www.openraw.org/
(Sleeping - so the need to support it is even higher)

X3F tools : http://www.proxel.se/x3f.html
 
Roland and Ray, as to White Balance Safox "+" (WB) sensing and discriminating WB from just a strong colour, I assume that it is done the same as for Auto WB for images: all points that are a certain range away from being white as in a range of white representations from colour temperatures of 2000 degrees Kelvin up to the upper range. The points that are left after this screening are then averaged to find the average colour temperature.
But .... whats so clever doing that for bright light?

Whats interesting is the CA in the AF optics. So ... if the object you try to focus on is bright red - then the system has to be able to go far outside any limited WB assumptions.

Someone made tests with red and blue LEGO bricks and an older camera ... and found that the focussing was VERY off. But I think I remember that he found that K-5 could handle it. This hints at K-5 not doing such a screening. And in this case its good.

But - I think that its the lack of this screening that is the main problem for low light. In low light the color info may be totally wrong - it might even be a pure fantasy (i.e. noise) reading that is e.g. bright red. Then the camera may do a very strong (and faulty) correction and the focus is then going to be way out.

--
Roland

support http://www.openraw.org/
(Sleeping - so the need to support it is even higher)

X3F tools : http://www.proxel.se/x3f.html
 
Well, in low light, I can go back to the K20D, set manual adjustments on the K5 every time I change lighting situations, or buy a Nikon.
If it was my pro work - I would choose K20D or Nikon :)
Have you seen the huge number of posts on the Nikon forums complaining about D7000 BF/FF errors?
Nope, dont read the Nikon forum. Thanx for the info - interesting.
I see the K-5 vs. D7000 competition as a race in firmware updates and QC, more so than which one is fundamentally the best camera.
OK

--
Roland

support http://www.openraw.org/
(Sleeping - so the need to support it is even higher)

X3F tools : http://www.proxel.se/x3f.html
 
You mean the K-7 has always had the same problems?
I dont know. My K-7 has the problem very clearly. Thats all I know.
I have not heard about this lowlight AF problem for the K-7, which I have skipped for the K-5.
You are right. If it exists then no one have chosen to write about it for some reason. So - maybe it dont exist or ... ?
I asked the question because the big issue in K-7 is the high ISO and that is fixed, but unfortunately there are other new enhancements. :) I would rather have slower AF that is accurate then fast AF that is off.
Me too. But ... sometimes it needs to be fast :(

--
Roland

support http://www.openraw.org/
(Sleeping - so the need to support it is even higher)

X3F tools : http://www.proxel.se/x3f.html
 
I don't know if this is the correct explanation, but it surely makes more sense than everything else I've heard here.

--
Cheers,
Alex
 
I might be able to get some tests in Friday in full daylight if it is not rainy here. I have a decent selection of lenses to choose from, including the 40mm f2.8, so I can use that if you want. BTW, the 40 f2.8 and my 43 LTD both need max adjustment on the K5 for good focus in daylight. The 43 at max adjustment is still not quite perfectly adjusted and is FF, so this lens has no room for more adjustment on the K5 for low light. The rest of my lenses are closer to zero, but all needed some adjustment.

I have a Sekonic handheld meter that I can use for an incident reading of the light falling on the subject.
Ray, that sounds good. We need at least two data points as to illuminant colour temperature with the same tests to prove what it is. I see no problems continuing to use your 16-50 f/2.8 lens for testing (I assume that's what you used), since you know it and since it does not require so much AF micro adjust normally.

Best regards, GordonBGood
I decided to test the K20D for focus shift in tungsten using the ND filters as my previous test was done in Daylight, and what the heck, I was up and it was still dark :)

I will have to wait a while longer to repeat this test in daylight.

However, color me more puzzled than ever (pun intended):

K20D, FA 50 f1.4, set at f2.8, ISO 800.

Light level reading:

Sekonic L-358 incident reading at target position - 1/50 f2.8 ISO 800

Color temp readings -

ACR Raw color dropper tool measured on the white card of a 4 card WhiBal cardset.

Cardset located at the target location and illuminated by the same tungsten light located at the same distance from the target as was used for the meter reading (3 shots taken).

1. 2900K
2. 2900K
3. 2800K (shot through the .9, .6, .6 ND filter stack)

Now for the fun part:



Both images exposed at ISO 800 1/60 f2.8 and shot in Raw and developed in ACR with default settings except color balance manually set to 2900K.

Top image was focused with no filters over the lens. Bottom image was re-focused with the filter stack over the lens, but exposure was left the same as the top image.

Note that both are FF, but the second image clearly shows a further FF shift with reduced light at a color temp that is effectively the same.

In this case, the K20D is shifting in a smilar manner to the K5 as the light is reduced for this color temperature.

Daylight test later today if the weather is good (hey it's California, the weather is always good, right?)

Ray
 
Now for the fun part:
Fun? Hmmmmmm ....

More puzzling than fun actually ...

This was unpredicted. Was it repeatable? Or was it only a random error?

--
Roland
Roland,

It was repeatable.

The setup is still sitting here in my room, but the room is now getting a reasonable amount of daylight and the focus has shifted back to perfect or maybe some BF.

I will setup outside a bit closer to noon here Pacific time and repeat the test by reducing the daylight to a very low level to see if the shift is still there with consistent daylight color temperature.

Ray
 
Hi guys,

I posted this comment already in a thread opened by Ron brandx :

Personally, I tend to believe that the AF problem some users have (including myself) is caused by hardware variability + actual level of QC which should normally filter out the damaged cameras .

I have logical reasons to think so. I PERSONALLY handled my friend's camera and it had MUCH BETTER AF with an identical FA31 and FA43 in comparison with AF performance of my K-5.

Differences:

1: Low light capability: an ultra precise AF vs. strong FF

2: AF's "torque": This was for me the most interesting observation. The correct K-5 had much more physical power during AF - I wouldn't t say a faster one, but definitely a more POWERFUL one, I was able to clearly feel the difference in the slight jerk during lens barrel rotation and a kind of decisiveness during each refocusing phase. I do not know how to describe it better... the AF in the correct camera is significantly more ALIVE, my K-5 is a "half-dead fish" in comparison to it.

So, I am quite convinced that there ARE perfectly focusing K-5 bodies on the market and I tend to believe that their percentage is increasing due to improved QC.

Hope someone with technical background can bring a bit more light to this issue.

I am also interested, what could the firmware upgrade do to correctly focusing units...

Cheers,

Tibor
 
I might be able to get some tests in Friday in full daylight if it is not rainy here. I have a decent selection of lenses to choose from, including the 40mm f2.8, so I can use that if you want. BTW, the 40 f2.8 and my 43 LTD both need max adjustment on the K5 for good focus in daylight. The 43 at max adjustment is still not quite perfectly adjusted and is FF, so this lens has no room for more adjustment on the K5 for low light. The rest of my lenses are closer to zero, but all needed some adjustment.

I have a Sekonic handheld meter that I can use for an incident reading of the light falling on the subject.
Ray, that sounds good. We need at least two data points as to illuminant colour temperature with the same tests to prove what it is. I see no problems continuing to use your 16-50 f/2.8 lens for testing (I assume that's what you used), since you know it and since it does not require so much AF micro adjust normally.

Best regards, GordonBGood
Daylight test:

K20D, FA 50 f1.4, set at f2.8, ISO 100

Light level reading: *

Sekonic L-358 incident reading at target position - 1/200 f11 ISO 100

Color temp readings - *

ACR Raw color dropper tool measured on the white card of a 4 card WhiBal cardset.

Cardset located at the target location and illuminated by direct sun over my left shoulder located on average 93 million miles from the target :) (3 images shot):

1. 5000K
2. 4950K
3. 4700K (shot through the .9, .6, .6 ND filter stack)

More fun with interesting photographic subjects:



Both images exposed at 1/3200 f2.8 ISO 100 and developed in ACR with default settings except color balance set to 5000.

Note that the first image was focused with no filters over the lens and is pretty well centered focus-wise.

The second image was refocused through the ND filters (.9 + .6 +.6 stacked or 7 stops less light if my calculations are correct) but exposure was left the same.

Note the shift to FF at when the focus was locked in at the lower light level entering the lens (second image).

For anyone wondering about the focus lock/exposure method I used, it was as follows:

2 second delay on.

Focus normally (center point) and shoot an image.

De-focus manually and re-focus with half-press of the shutter (no filters over the lens)

Place filters over the lens and half-press to re-focus, hold half-press.

Remove filters and take image by completing full press.

The reason for this rather than trying to focus AND capture the image through the filters is that I wanted to equalize all other parameters in the exposure as much as possible. Since the camera meters wide open, placing the filters over the lens and then trying to meter changes the entire exposure calculation.

Note that I could remove the filters and half-press and the lens would shift focus. Putting them back and re-focusing caused the lens to shift back again.

This is just like the behavior seen in the video of the K5 using the led light on the target.

It has clouded up here a bit so I probably cannot get the K5 out and duplicate this test, but frankly, I do not need to. In every case where the light was reduced by placing ND filters over the lens, and at all color temperatures, the focus shifts to FF with both cameras.

I do not recall seeing lots of problems in my images with the K20 due to this, but it could be that my lens calibrations were done in light that was not too bright and not too dim, giving me a compromise calibration. I also almost always shoot somewhere near f5.6 indoors.

It could also be that my tests are not perfect or well controlled or have a less than 100% correlation to normal shooting conditions.

Ray
 
ACR Raw color dropper tool measured on the white card of a 4 card WhiBal cardset.

Cardset located at the target location and illuminated by the same tungsten light located at the same distance from the target as was used for the meter reading (3 shots taken).

1. 2900K
2. 2900K
3. 2800K (shot through the .9, .6, .6 ND filter stack)
Make that 3 x .9 ND filters, or 9 stops.

Must nave looked them upside down!

Ray
 
Color temp readings - *

ACR Raw color dropper tool measured on the white card of a 4 card WhiBal cardset.

Cardset located at the target location and illuminated by direct sun over my left shoulder located on average 93 million miles from the target :) (3 images shot):

1. 5000K
2. 4950K
3. 4700K (shot through the .9, .6, .6 ND filter stack)
Also should be: 3 x .9 ND filters.

Ray
 
So, I am quite convinced that there ARE perfectly focusing K-5 bodies on the market and I tend to believe that their percentage is increasing due to improved QC.

Hope someone with technical background can bring a bit more light to this issue.

I am also interested, what could the firmware upgrade do to correctly focusing units...
Having worked in a stressful electronic tech gear production environment, where I'm the last in the line getting product to meet tight specifications, let me guess..........

Management says " We need x000 more units out by end of month"

Tech says " We still haven't sorted out that intermittent problem with the AF calibration equipment we told you about last week. We need down time to fix it."

Management says "It will have to wait until this batch has gone through or we won't meet targets." Fix = exchange or recalibration as only some units are affected.

AND/OR..........

Tech says " We're having trouble calibrating the AF at low EV, none of these K-5's are right."

Engineering says "We'll have a look at that when we've got time. We're busy now designing the next model and we're behind schedule."

Management says "Carry on with production, it won't matter and we have to meet targets."
Customer Services/dealers/customers say "There's a problem with low light AF"

Management tell Engineering to pull their finger out and get it fixed quick. Fix= firmware.

OR.........

No one in engineering thought to check the AF worked accurately at low EV during the development process. Fix = firmware.

There's probably a lot of other scenarios as well :-)
 

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