Ok there are a lot of issues here.
First of you listed the cameras but you didn't list the lenses. If you use either camera with a $300 entry-level zoom lens, the images are going to be very soft. If you're using good quality prime lenses or the top of the line zooms like the 16-35 f/2.8, 24-70 f/2.8, or 70-200 f/2.8 by either company, you'll probably be alright.
On the confusion with dpi and ppi... In this situation, dpi only refers to the printer, not the camera, not the image when it's in photoshop what have you, it's just the setting of the Epson driver and the resulting print. If you put an Epson 9880 on "Normal" mode (which you can only usually do if you set it to "plain paper" you're printing at 360dpi. Printing at 300 dpi (if you had a RIP that let you do so) would look pretty bad. If you're print a fine art image on a 9880 you're printing at 1440dpi or 2880dpi if you're crazy.
I think you mean having the image set to 300ppi in your image editing software. Which if you have an image from a 5D MkII set to 300ppi it would be about a 12-1/2x18-1/4 inch image.
I've seen good "Fine art" quality results from files sent at 200ppi and 180ppi (which would make the image size about 20x30.) I've seen good results from 100ppi but only when the image was uninterpolated (meaning it came from a scan-back or multi-shot camera.)
Viewing distance is important. Most billboard images are not shot on 160MP scan backs and the printers they are printed on would make the worst looking 16x20" you've ever seen. It doesn't matter cause you're never going to look at one from closer than 20 feet away. So think about how they will be displayed
Also it depends on how discerning your audience is, there are some people who have to hold a loupe up to a print to see all the detail before they say it's a good print.
The type of paper you use does make a difference gloss, luster, and ultra-smooth matte surfaces hold a lot more detail than canvas or watercolor stock.
Will you be printing these or will you be having a lab do it? If a lab is doing it, just give them the file at whatever res it is at, don't bother resizing it. If they have a decent RIP it will do a better job up-resing the file than you will. If you are printing it and just using the Epson driver, I'd say get it up to around 200-240ppi at the dimension you want in Photoshop or whatever image editing software you use and print like that.
If you're really anal-retentive about up-rezing for for large prints you can look into a program/photoshop plugin called "Genuine Fractals" by On-One software.
If you really want to print this big and have an image that starts out at 300ppi, what are your options? 1) A Phase One P65+ 60MP back would be 22x30" @300ppi, or 33x45" @200ppi with camera and lens shouldn't cost more than $50,000 2) A BetterLight Super 8K scan back would do 26x35" @300ppi but the images are so sharp you could probably do 60x80" at around 130ppi, that costs around $18,000 plus you need a 4x5 view camera and lenses also you cant really shoot moving objects with it. 3) You could shoot 4x5 chrome and scan it on a drum scanner. 4) You can shoot multiple shots with the 5D Mk II or the A900 and stitch them like a pano.
CONCLUSION : If these are going to be exhibited in a gallery and some pretentious jerk is going to walk up the print and look at it from 6 inches away and it's printed on a gloss surface, there will probably be able to notice a difference between an image shot on a 5D Mk II (or an A900) and something shot on a Phase One P45 or P65, as the 5D Mk II (or A900) would look a little softer at that distance. However if the image is printed on Canvas or Watercolor paper and most reasonable viewers stand at least 4 to 5 feet back from the image they probably won't notice the difference too much on a 32x48" print, assuming you have good glass.
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Kurt