A Serious FF (D700?) Question

An FX and a DX shooter at the same distance from the subject using
the same lens. The FX shooter later crops his image to get the same
coverage as the DX shooter. Is DOF the same or different and why.
If you shoot DX and FX at the same distance with the same lens, then
crop the FX image down to DX size technically the DOF would calculate
the same by Zeiss. So DOF would be the same for the cropped FX image
and the DX image.
Thom Hogan
Let me ask another question:

In trying to isolate a subject, is it correct that DX using 200/f2 and FX using 300/f2.8 have the same DOF? Let's assume you are shooting from the same location so the images have the same magnification and perspective.

Note: this is another way of asking whether the larger FX sensor offsets the larger aperture. dave
 
Cool
Thanks!
A bigger view finder would be nice - is that something else that
inherently comes with FF, or is that model specific? Thx
It's pretty much inherent, for the same reason that better high-ISO /
lowlight is inherent.

FF has a bigger sensor, so with a similar lens it gets more light.
More light means you need less amplification, and a larger sample for
estimating the light. Hence, less noise.

Because the sensor is bigger, so is the mirror, and to get the same
image as the sensor, you get more light thrown at the viewfinder. So
with the same lens, you get more light into the viewfinder. By
playing with the lenses in the viewfinder, Nikon can make the
viewfinder image brighter, bigger or some combination of both. Since
the viewfinder image in the D200 is bright enough, they'll go for
similar brightness and a bigger image, making it easier to discern
detail and easier to manually focus.

Liveview on a D300 can mitigate this advantage (you can get the LCD
image as big and as bright as you'd like) but for now, the advantage
is very real.
 
Hi Muntz,

Seems like like we could have a justification for two bodies - almost (but not quite) like having two sets of tools (Metric and English); we could probably get by with one but your explanation of FX makes it pretty attractive.

Thanks again, Yada
Hi Muntz,

So given your examples, the questions largely becomes - is more DOF
desired or not desired? It would seem to depend on the photographers
intentions, which would in turn drive the preference for DX or FX,
right?
  • for example, your example would seem to indicate that portraits
intended to have blurred backgrounds would benefit from the FX
format, right? Or perhaps there are other considerations?

Thanks, Yada
I'd say that's spot on. And I don't really see too many other
considerations cosidering that you can always stop down more on an FX
to get DX type dof (and given FX higher iso capabilities you can
STILL shoot at a higher shutter speeds) whereas when you want LESS
dof there's not much you can do in DX.
IN FACT, when you take into account that FX is less diffraction
limited due to its bigger pixels (if the MP count is the same) you
can stop down more on FX which will yield at least the same dof as
with DX.

Bottom line, in my opinion, FX has no drawbacks when it comes to dof
control.

The ONLY advantage DX has is extra reach with the same lens, and it's
an advantage I really appreciated all last week when I was playing
with a 200-400 and shooting birds, but man am I waiting for the D700
;)
 
Are we saying that the DOF is greater in FX or DX? (Up til now I thought we were saying DOF was greater on DX and shallower on FX). Sorry for beling so slow on this, but I just saw this:
According to dofmaster.com:

with DX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 3.25ft
with FX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 5ft
  • which seems to indicate FX has a greater DOF than DX and I thought we had just discussed how the shallower DOF on FX would help isolate a subject from a background in a portait, etc.
Thanks for any clarifications, Yada
An FX and a DX shooter at the same distance from the subject using
the same lens. The FX shooter later crops his image to get the same
coverage as the DX shooter. Is DOF the same or different and why.
Sorry, I misread this in my initial response, below.

If you shoot DX and FX at the same distance with the same lens, then
crop the FX image down to DX size technically the DOF would calculate
the same by Zeiss. So DOF would be the same for the cropped FX image
and the DX image.
According to dofmaster.com:

with DX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 3.25ft
with FX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 5ft

I don't think this is just a "relative" difference which will
disappear once the images are cropped.
 
Like film, a bigger sensor size (in actual area) will have an advantage in terms of photo quality. Going from a 1.5 crop factor to full frame is comparable (although not exactly) to going from 35mm to medium format.

There is a secondary issue too. Even though there are numerous DX lenses out there, Canon and Nikon still produce nearly all of their prime lenses for traditional the 35mm film format. If you want the effect of a 24mm f2.8 lens on a 1.5 crop factor body, you're stuck having to buy a really costly 18mm or so lens.

Nikon once said that the DX sensor is their future, but they never fully realigned their lens line around the 1.5x crop factor (as Olympus did, for instance). Now, if this D700 becomes reality, if will further affirm that their original stated commitment to DX is a passing phase and those DX lenses will not have the lasting value that traditional FF lenses have.

Canon never made such a statement. And when the 5D came out three years ago, it was quite clear what their road map was. Nikon hasn't been able to stick to one idea, although it's nice to see that they're moving forward with new, improved bodies these days.
--
----------------
Robert A
Canon 20D
(Former Nikon shooter for 30 years)
 
According to dofmaster.com:

with DX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 3.25ft
with FX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 5ft
Again, dofmaster's numbers are not ones I would use. You'll almost certainly be disappointed when you go to large prints.
  • which seems to indicate FX has a greater DOF than DX and I thought
we had just discussed how the shallower DOF on FX would help isolate
a subject from a background in a portait, etc.
The problem that keeps creeping into all of this is the one of perspective. If you want the SAME photograph, you need to keep perspective constant. That FORCES you to use a wider (shorter focal length) lens for DX, because to keep perspective constant you have to be in the same exact position.

If you shoot with the same lens from the same position with the same focus distance AND ONLY VARY CAPTURE SIZE, yes, the larger capture size will have a larger DOF for the same sized print. Why? Because you have to blow up the results less. BUT THIS WOULD NOT BE THE SAME PICTURE. The DX picture would cover 1.5x less the angle of view as the FX picture. (This, by the way, is no different than it was with film, when the same discussions and confusion came about with 35mm versus MF.)

The Zeiss formula has a LOT of variables in it. You can hold all but one constant and say "X has more DOF than Y." But in real world terms, you need to make sure that you're holding the RIGHT things constant.

Let's pretend I'm the Photo Editor at SuperGreatPublication. I've got two photographers who work for me: Jack DX and Jill FX. When I send them out to photograph I don't expect Jack to provide me images with different perspective than Jill. I don't expect Jack to be positioned 1.5x behind Jill every time they're shooting together. Indeed, if I were to suddenly wave my hands and make it Jack FX and Jill DX, I wouldn't expect them to bring back pictures that were any different than before. (I'll discount for the moment the fact that the DX shooter may not always have the "equivalent lens"; let's pretend they do.) So when I send my FX shooter out to cover first base at the ball game, s/he shoots with a 300mm f/2.8. When I send my DX shooter out s/he shoots with a 200mm f/2. They get essentially identical results. And that's what I want, period. Moreover, the DX shooter CAN'T move back 1.5x from the shooting position--that would put them in the stands, so they need to shoot with a shorter lens. But if that DX shooter only had the 70-200mm f/2.8 with them and had to shoot at 200mm f/2.8 versus the 300mm f/2.8 FX shooter, the DX shooter would have more DOF.

--
Thom Hogan
author, Complete Guides to Nikon bodies (18 and counting)
http://www.bythom.com
 
Yeah sorry I should have written "really BIG viewfinder" since that's what I actually meant (showing my age a bit here - grew up using 35mm MF SLRs).

Also AF makes the VF image dimmer because the mirror has to be partially silvered to allow light to get to the AF detectors which are mounted in the base of the mirror box. I don't know how much dimmer but I'm guessing it's significant since the image through a MF SLR is a lot brighter than an AF one (I'm comparing 35mm film cameras). And you can see it quite easily when looking at the mirror through the lens mount (without a lens attached).

Scott
 
Like film, a bigger sensor size (in actual area) will have an
advantage in terms of photo quality. Going from a 1.5 crop factor to
full frame is comparable (although not exactly) to going from 35mm to
medium format.
You have to be careful with this analogy. When you compared 35mm to medium format, you were using the same basic film in both, thus the same resolution ability per linear mm of film.

However, a 12MP FX camera does not have the same pixel density as a 12MP DX camera. The 12MP DX camera actually can resolve more info per mm which counters some of the gain of the FX camera. As I've said before the FX camera is better in some circumstances and the DX camera is better in some circumstances. A blanket statement that one delivers better IQ than the other in all circumstances is just not true. It will depend upon the circumstances. You can see my earlier posts for a fairly detailed description of when each has an advantage.
--
John
Popular: http://jfriend.smugmug.com/popular
Portfolio: http://jfriend.smugmug.com/portfolio
 
According to dofmaster.com:

with DX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 3.25ft
with FX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 5ft

I don't think this is just a "relative" difference which will
disappear once the images are cropped.
So if I read this right, FX (according to dofmaster.com) has
considerably greater dof than DX ??!!
Doesn't this contradict what you said earlier?
Nope ;)

This is comparing photos taken with DX and FX with EVERYTHING the same (which will yield two different photos due to different fields of vision). In THIS case FX has more DoF because it's tantamount to using a wider angle lens.

In the previous example, the FX was 1.5x CLOSER to the subject, thereby yielding an equal photo (same fov) but with less DoF.
 
According to dofmaster.com:

with DX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 3.25ft
with FX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 5ft

I don't think this is just a "relative" difference which will
disappear once the images are cropped.
Sigh.

First of all, let's consider the source. dofmaster reports the CoC
for a D3 at 0.03 and for the DX bodies at 0.019. I wouldn't agree
with either number. They certainly aren't numbers I'd ever use for my
work. The 0.03 number is the old Zeiss number for film agreed on by
the camera makers for marking lenses back around WWII. So consider
your source.
I have to admit, I didin't bother looking at the parameters they employed to determine the CoC (there's much confusion regarding the circle of confusion), but I just hoped that they used the same standards in judging DoF from one fstop/sensor/distance to another so that their relative values would at least have merit. Heck, I'm sure that determining when something BEGINS to lose focus is quite a subjective thing.
Second, about your "I don't think this is..." comment. So what do YOU
think makes for that difference reported by dofmaster?
I assumed it was a bona fide depth of field difference that would probably be measurablel
Why, it's the
CoC. And why did the CoC change? Because the capture area got
smaller.
Forgive me, but I honestly don't see why capturing a smaller area would change the CoC. If you mean that with FX you have to get CLOSER to the capture area (and by extension THAT will change the CoC) then I wouldn't disagree. But THAT is what gives FX its DoF control advantage using the same lens.
And what was the point that was being made? That if you
CROPPED the FX image to the same size as the DX capture area...hmm,
now wouldn't that have the same CoC because it's the same capture
area? According to the Zeiss formula, it should. Yet dofmaster won't
let you do that with their calculator (crop).
Well, I've found other DoF calculators, and although they may be off a few mm or cm from dofmaster, the ratios between the variables are pretty much the same as dofmaster. I honestly think if it were just a question of cropping then the DoFs should be the same between DX and FX when everything else is kept equal.
The whole Zeiss DOF construct can be made to work for whatever you'd
like it to, but you have to apply the right variables the right way.
I find people looking at their 13x19" prints off their inkjets held
at arm's length with their lasiked eyes and wondering why the "DOF
didn't get everything in focus." Well, the Zeiss formula uses smaller
prints, at longer viewing distances, and with something like 20/40
vision if I remember correctly. I don't currently know of an online
calculator that allows you to apply all those variables (and cropping
; ).
I'll keep looking ;)

But is there a big difference in cropping and changing distance by 0.66x for FX sensor to give identical FoVs?
 
Let's pretend I'm the Photo Editor at SuperGreatPublication. I've got
two photographers who work for me: Jack DX and Jill FX. When I send
them out to photograph I don't expect Jack to provide me images with
different perspective than Jill. I don't expect Jack to be positioned
1.5x behind Jill every time they're shooting together. Indeed, if I
were to suddenly wave my hands and make it Jack FX and Jill DX, I
wouldn't expect them to bring back pictures that were any different
than before. (I'll discount for the moment the fact that the DX
shooter may not always have the "equivalent lens"; let's pretend they
do.) So when I send my FX shooter out to cover first base at the ball
game, s/he shoots with a 300mm f/2.8. When I send my DX shooter out
s/he shoots with a 200mm f/2. They get essentially identical results.
And that's what I want, period. Moreover, the DX shooter CAN'T move
back 1.5x from the shooting position--that would put them in the
stands, so they need to shoot with a shorter lens. But if that DX
shooter only had the 70-200mm f/2.8 with them and had to shoot at
200mm f/2.8 versus the 300mm f/2.8 FX shooter, the DX shooter would
have more DOF.
Aaaaah, this is where we're confusingly running in circles (it could be just me ;). If you consider that two photographers should be in the same spot to maintain perspective of the WHOLE image then, you're right, there's essentially no difference in DoF (mind you we'd have to check each instance to make sure lenses are available in both formats, or either may have the advantage given a particular situation). I was looking at it from a perspective of using the same lens on both, and in this case you'd HAVE to move closer with FX thereby giving you less DoF at equal F-stops. Both scenarios are valid, but if you have control over where you are shooting from I think you'll agree that FX gives more options.

Come to think of it, while with telephotos you usually have a lens which is 1.5x as long but 1 stop slower giving FX no advantage in DoF control, the same can't be said when you drop under 100mm, where the fastest lenses all have the same widest aperture giving FX the advantage (i.e. 85mm 1.4 for FX and 50 mm 1.4 for DX).
 
LOL, gotta tell ya, I think if it were ONLY for DoF I don't think I'd be able to convince myself into thinking it would be a valid acquisition (I'd have to be a tad richer ;) but throw in high iso iq and making wides wide again and I'ev more than talked myself into it ;))
Seems like like we could have a justification for two bodies - almost
(but not quite) like having two sets of tools (Metric and English);
we could probably get by with one but your explanation of FX makes it
pretty attractive.

Thanks again, Yada
Hi Muntz,

So given your examples, the questions largely becomes - is more DOF
desired or not desired? It would seem to depend on the photographers
intentions, which would in turn drive the preference for DX or FX,
right?
  • for example, your example would seem to indicate that portraits
intended to have blurred backgrounds would benefit from the FX
format, right? Or perhaps there are other considerations?

Thanks, Yada
I'd say that's spot on. And I don't really see too many other
considerations cosidering that you can always stop down more on an FX
to get DX type dof (and given FX higher iso capabilities you can
STILL shoot at a higher shutter speeds) whereas when you want LESS
dof there's not much you can do in DX.
IN FACT, when you take into account that FX is less diffraction
limited due to its bigger pixels (if the MP count is the same) you
can stop down more on FX which will yield at least the same dof as
with DX.

Bottom line, in my opinion, FX has no drawbacks when it comes to dof
control.

The ONLY advantage DX has is extra reach with the same lens, and it's
an advantage I really appreciated all last week when I was playing
with a 200-400 and shooting birds, but man am I waiting for the D700
;)
 
According to dofmaster.com:

with DX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 3.25ft
with FX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 5ft

I don't think this is just a "relative" difference which will
disappear once the images are cropped.
So if I read this right, FX (according to dofmaster.com) has
considerably greater dof than DX ??!!
Doesn't this contradict what you said earlier?
Nope ;)
This is comparing photos taken with DX and FX with EVERYTHING the
same (which will yield two different photos due to different fields
of vision). In THIS case FX has more DoF because it's tantamount to
using a wider angle lens.
In the previous example, the FX was 1.5x CLOSER to the subject,
thereby yielding an equal photo (same fov) but with less DoF.
Let me repeat my question a little differently to you:

If I take a picture of a bear from behind a railing (I'd like to get closer but we can't cross the barrier) with a D300 and a 300mm lens and my freind takes a shot with a D3 of the same bear from the same posiion with an identical 300mm lens, (the bear is sleeping and doesn't move) then you're saying his shot will have more DOF. And if he later crops his picture to exclude everything that wasn't in mine and then prints that resulting cropped image to 8x12 as I have done with my uncropped image, then his will still show more dof?

George

George
 
Full sized is kind of inaccurate. Actually they both show 100% of the
scene. What Scott was referring to is the SIZE of the image in the
viewfinder. Actually the D3 and D300 have 0.7x and 0.94x
magnification respectively, but the D3 viewfinder shows a larger
image because you have to multiply 0.7 x 1.5 which will give 1.05.
0.7x magnification on D3 viewfinder? What on earth have they crammed
inside the VF box, then? Let me demonstrate.. I have one of these
beauties.



It has 0.8x magnification - and look at the size of the viewfinder! I
believe F3 was the first model where the light meter was situated
below the mirror assembly (rather than inside the viewfinder box) and
the trend has continued up to this day. Therefore it strikes me that
the box on the top of D3 is of such grand scale.

It looks good, yes, but couldn't Nikon have used the ample space to
make an even bigger pentaprism and thus a bigger VF image?
Like you said, it looks sexy as hell (and I find that's plenty ;)

But I do know that pentaprisms (and the rest of the viewfinder components) are expensive as hell, so threre are cost considerations on top of just available space. But you're right, what the hell IS taking up all the space in the D3? I'll go see if I can find a schematich. I'm sure Thom could shed light on this.
Meaning that with a 50mm lens you'll actually have a slightly
magnified image whereas with the D300 it'll be slightly smaller than
real life. A large viewfinder is great for manual focusing, and
composing (in my opinion).
Add to that the fact that on DX cameras the viewfinder image has to
be magnified more in order to make it tolerable, which in turn makes
it dimmer (i.e. less usable for manual focusing and composing in low
light).
Good point. Though I gotta say, I own one of these:



Not in the same league as your F3 which probably has a better viewfinder, but I have to say that the D300's viewfinder is equally bright (though obvioulsy a bit smaller). But then again, the D300 probably has the best VF of any DX camera.
 
Let me repeat my question a little differently to you:

If I take a picture of a bear from behind a railing (I'd like to get
closer but we can't cross the barrier)
I've run into a bear (two actually). Don't cross the barrier ;)
with a D300 and a 300mm lens
and my freind takes a shot with a D3 of the same bear from the same
posiion with an identical 300mm lens, (the bear is sleeping and
doesn't move)
I still wouldn't cross the barrier ;)
then you're saying his shot will have more DOF. And if
he later crops his picture to exclude everything that wasn't in mine
and then prints that resulting cropped image to 8x12 as I have done
with my uncropped image, then his will still show more dof?
That is exactly what I'm saying (or at least, that's what the DoF calculators I've found online all seem to say). However, if your friend gets 1/3 closer to the bear (where the bear will take up the same amount of the photo as he does in yours) then he will have LESS DoF.
 
According to dofmaster.com:

with DX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 3.25ft
with FX 55mm f8 from 10ft dof is 5ft

I don't think this is just a "relative" difference which will
disappear once the images are cropped.
So if I read this right, FX (according to dofmaster.com) has
considerably greater dof than DX ??!!
Doesn't this contradict what you said earlier?
Nope ;)
This is comparing photos taken with DX and FX with EVERYTHING the
same (which will yield two different photos due to different fields
of vision). In THIS case FX has more DoF because it's tantamount to
using a wider angle lens.
In the previous example, the FX was 1.5x CLOSER to the subject,
thereby yielding an equal photo (same fov) but with less DoF.
Let me repeat my question a little differently to you:

If I take a picture of a bear from behind a railing (I'd like to get
closer but we can't cross the barrier) with a D300 and a 300mm lens
and my freind takes a shot with a D3 of the same bear from the same
posiion with an identical 300mm lens, (the bear is sleeping and
doesn't move) then you're saying his shot will have more DOF. And if
he later crops his picture to exclude everything that wasn't in mine
and then prints that resulting cropped image to 8x12 as I have done
with my uncropped image, then his will still show more dof?
That does not sound right to me. A cropped FX image is the same as a DX crop image (except it has less pixels). If the subject distance, focal length, aperture and desired circle of confusion are the same, then all relevant optical parameters that go into determining DOF are the same so the DOF will be the same.

The cropped FX image will have fewer pixels than the DX image so it may not be able to resolve as much detail. This is a case where the DX camera's extra reach and pixel density may actually server the needs better than the FX camera. That's why I prefer my D2Xs for shooting soccer when I need the reach.

Now, if you were not behind such a railing and you took the D3 with the 300mm lens and moved closer until you got the same subject size as you shot with the D300, (thus your subject occupies the same number of pixels on both sensors) then you'd have more DOF with the D3 and a different perspective. That's because you change one of the relevant three optical parameters (subject distance). All else being equal (focal length and aperture), if you get closer to your subject, your DOF goes down. Macro lenses are the ultimate expression of this where even at f/22, then can have hundredths of an inch of DOF when shooting very close.

The reason most people say that the D3 will have more DOF is because people are more likely to shoot at constant subject size (e.g. get closer with the D3) than they are to shoot at constant subject distance. When you get closer to make the same subject size in the viewfinder, the D3 will have more DOF.
--
John
Popular: http://jfriend.smugmug.com/popular
Portfolio: http://jfriend.smugmug.com/portfolio
 
Now, if you were not behind such a railing and you took the D3 with
the 300mm lens and moved closer until you got the same subject size
as you shot with the D300, (thus your subject occupies the same
number of pixels on both sensors) then you'd have more DOF with the
D3 and a different perspective. That's because you change one of the
relevant three optical parameters (subject distance). All else being
equal (focal length and aperture), if you get closer to your subject,
your DOF goes down. Macro lenses are the ultimate expression of this
where even at f/22, then can have hundredths of an inch of DOF when
shooting very close.

The reason most people say that the D3 will have more DOF is because
people are more likely to shoot at constant subject size (e.g. get
closer with the D3) than they are to shoot at constant subject
distance. When you get closer to make the same subject size in the
viewfinder, the D3 will have more DOF.
--
John,

I would tend to agree with you and Thom. Except that I think you meant to say that if you moved closer with the D3 then dof would less, not more.

George
 

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