Foveon news article is complete nonsense!

Well I think that Sigma wouldn't have gone for vaporware. Also if the rumors are right that Sigma has a 2 year exclusive on the X3; Foveon may be using Sigma as a test bed before going to the more demanding market of Nikon and Canon.
Since the Foveon image sensor only contains 3.4 M spatially unique
sampling pixels, it is complete nonsense and a mockery of the
published guidelines to claim that the chip has 10.3 M pixels. To
do so is akin to saying that the imaging area of a 35mm frame is
actually 24mm x 36mm x 3 (3 layers of emulsion), or equivalent to
51 mm x 51 mm, a size which is comparable to the dimensions of
medium format. That's just absurd!
The absurdity is in saying that Bayer sensors have the full
advertised resolution. We've grown to accept this little lie and
now the inconsistency of it all bothers us when we apply the same
logic to the Foveon sensor.

--
Ron Parr
FAQ: http://www.cs.duke.edu/~parr/photography/faq.html
Gallery: http://www.pbase.com/parr/
--
Geoff
 
You missed the point of the mathematics. Its irrelevant how the grid is laid, ASSUME both are using the SAME grid !! Now do the maths from there.
JKirk
Iain West wrote:
I think the cells on the Foveion chip are arranged in a square
grid. Maybe that is why it is good a picking up vertical lines on
the chart.

I don't believe it will outperform a Bayer chip with the same pixel
count for a monohrome image of a normal subject.
Phil Askey wrote:
(It's Foveon not Faveon..)
jkirk@aussie wrote:
It's unbeleivable that this debate has gone on for so long, its
SIMPLE MATHEMATICS folks !!! Fer chrissakes -

Issue_1 : A 3.4 MP Faveon and a 3.4 MP Bayer Pattern have the SAME
RESOLUTION. ie If you are taking a shot of a very fine grid-pattern
(Phils V and H Res charts), they both are "capable" of resolving
the same number of "Lines". The "purity of the Line" would be far
superior with the Faveon though, because it can "resolve" perfect
colour at eack "pixel" or "line element". In the bayer, you only
have a red then blue then green / green pixel, so if it was a "red
line" you'd miss resolution every 4 !! You can't MAKE UP what it
was supposed to be !!!
Correct, as you point out the "purity of the line" is important and
has a direct effect on output resolution. Did you see the
resolution chart crop I posted in my X3 preview? The Foveon X3 is
capable of resolving more monochrome resolution than an identical
MP bayer chip. And just as importantly the resolution chart could
use red, blue, orange, purple or any coloured line and you'd get
the same resolution from the Foveon.. Try that with a mosaic chip.

 
I think of the nyquist sampling theorem, and what it says about the limits of resolution, without creating nonsense, due to aliasing.

With evenly spaced, uniform sensors, the shortest spacial wavelength, which will not create garbage, is 2 pixels. i.e. 2n, where n is the number of pixels between actual measurements. n == 1 for any system which measures all colors at every pixel location.

Really, with a bayer, on the red and blue frequency, where every other pixel, the shortest wavelength, for not creating aliasing is 4 pixels. Or is it a little worse, since only 1 out of 4 pixels measures red, and 1 out of 4 for blue?

Even leaving aside the question, for the moment, of how accurately the bayer interpolation recreates the missing values, which is not possible to do "right", since it is higher spacial frequency than is being measured - even a perfect interpolation scheme, is GUARANTEED to produce aliasing garbage, when the spatial period gets shorter than the actual measurement interval.

Therefore, I think it is fair to argue that the actual resolution, in terms of accurate sampling, of the any 3-color-measurement-at-every-pixel, is equal to the number of sensors, while a in a bayer, the actual resolution is sensors / (some factor between 2, 3, or 4.).

It should be the "first noticeable defect", that is used in resolution comparison..

And of course, that doesn't mean that the foveon IMPLIMENTS a 3 color pixel sensor well. Just because it is good in theory, doesn't mean squat. The devil is always in the details.

Don
--Don Erway http://www.pbase.com/derway/kona_underwater_g2
 
Like I mentioned, they weren't meant to be direct comparisons in terms of resolution. Yes, one chip was direct from Phil's Foveon test camera, and the other was from another chart using one of the other DSLR cameras (to be honest, I forget which, but it was probably the D30).

The only point I was paying attention to for myself was the way that you will get the moiré and other artifacts in the usual mosaic-based chips, regardless of make. It's just part of the process. Foveon mentions this in their press info, and now they bring something new to the table in terms of quality achievable.
Sorry, U, but I can't just buy your comparison as is. You've got to
tell us a little about how you did it. I'm betting it is straight
off of (from) Phil's charts.

Gary Eickmeier
-- Ulysses
 
Issue_1 : A 3.4 MP Faveon and a 3.4 MP Bayer Pattern have the SAME
RESOLUTION. ie If you are taking a shot of a very fine grid-pattern
(Phils V and H Res charts), they both are "capable" of resolving
the same number of "Lines". . . .
Wrong. Bayer interpolation yields substantially less monochrome resolution than is implied by the pixel count. If a camera has 1200 sensors in the narrow dimension, and each sensor were directly linked to an output-pixel, you could resolve a maximum of 600 line pairs in that direction, if everything were aligned perfectly. In fact, with a bayer-type CCD, the best you can do is around 420 line pairs. That's because the luminance data is merged into 2x2 groups, and the output-pixels are each artificially correlated with each adjacent neighbor.

There's no reason for the Foveon to suffer from the same problem, so maybe 1200 pixels would resolve up to 600 line pairs. Or maybe in practice, Foveon will have some other problem we don't know about yet. But it ought to provide about sqrt(2) more linear monochrome resolution than a bayer device with the same nominal pixel count.
 
Geez Louise, Im PRO-Foveon, read the whole text and "how the mathematics is calculated" before you have a go at people.

Given the same "number of sites" (and layout) they both "THEORETICALLY" can address the same V and H lines. Take out the RGB lenses on Bayer and this is the case (assuming you also NOW extract luminence from each site as well). If you bothered to read on, I then gave Bayer a "purity" de-rating. It couldn't be any clearer.

This is a new era for everyone, I doubt we'll have any sensible way of rating all these new sensors for quite a while. Until then let's stick to mathematics. Let it be noted - I AM 100% PRO-FOVEON
JKirk

Issue_2 : At every "pixel site" the Faveon has 3x MORE colour / intensity / luminance INFORMATION than a similar Bayer "site". This means that the Faveon shot has 3x "purer colour". If you enlarge both shots I can tell you which one would still be exceptional even after 4x Mag.
Issue_1 : A 3.4 MP Faveon and a 3.4 MP Bayer Pattern have the SAME
RESOLUTION. ie If you are taking a shot of a very fine grid-pattern
(Phils V and H Res charts), they both are "capable" of resolving
the same number of "Lines". . . .
... The "purity of the Line" would be far superior with the Faveon though, because it can "resolve" perfect colour at eack "pixel" or "line element". In the bayer, you only have a red then blue then green / green pixel, so if it was a "red line" you'd miss resolution every 4 !! You can't MAKE UP what it was supposed to be !!!
Wrong. Bayer interpolation yields substantially less monochrome
resolution than is implied by the pixel count. If a camera has
1200 sensors in the narrow dimension, and each sensor were directly
linked to an output-pixel, you could resolve a maximum of 600 line
pairs in that direction, if everything were aligned perfectly. In
fact, with a bayer-type CCD, the best you can do is around 420 line
pairs. That's because the luminance data is merged into 2x2
groups, and the output-pixels are each artificially correlated with
each adjacent neighbor.

There's no reason for the Foveon to suffer from the same problem,
so maybe 1200 pixels would resolve up to 600 line pairs. Or maybe
in practice, Foveon will have some other problem we don't know
about yet. But it ought to provide about sqrt(2) more linear
monochrome resolution than a bayer device with the same nominal
pixel count.
 
And of course, that doesn't mean that the foveon IMPLIMENTS a 3
color pixel sensor well. Just because it is good in theory,
doesn't mean squat. The devil is always in the details.
I think your observation is correct. If a Foveon camera did not use
a proper anti-aliasing filter ahead of the sensor, you can still get aliasing
errors.

But, all else being equal, Foveon should have an easier time getting it
right.

With a Bayer mosaic, to meet Nyquist requirements, you need a
lower resolution anti-aliasing filter for the red and green components
and a sharper anti-aliasing filter for the green component.

With a Foveon type sensor, the anti-aliasing filter that is optimal for one
color component is also optimal for the others.

But, honestly, I have no idea how the manufacturers implement their
anti-aliasing filters. Perhaps both are equally easy/hard.
  • kc
 
Without doubt many would have preferred the Foveon sensor to have been in a Canon or Nikon body, and for the professional the fact that it is not may well be a killer factor, but for the enthusiastic amateur, especially those without a large investment in Canon or Nikon lenses, then I consider it to be nonsense to simply dismiss Sigma. I'm sorry Ger Bee (and I know that you are a professional so your criteria will be different compared to mine) but I think that this knee-jerk dismissal of all things Sigma is very blinkered. You only have to go to the Canon and Nikon SLR forums to see how many owners of digital SLRs from these manufacturers put Sigma lenses on their prestigious bodies! And, moreover, every review that I have read of the Sigma SA9 (on which the SD9 is based) has compared it favourably to the Canon EOS 30 and the Nikon F/N80 (the former being generally acknowledged to be a better body than the D30/D60 and the latter being the basis of the D100).

Yes, I know that one should buy 'the system' and not a one-off body, but I very much doubt that Sigma are going to vanish overnight and for the vast majority of enthusiastic amateurs the quality and selection of lenses from Sigma (especially the EX series) are perfectly adequate to meet their needs and requirements. Before dismissing the Sigma SD9 let's await the reviews and sample images.

I may not get an SD9, I may buy a Canon D60 or a Nikon D100, I haven't decided yet, but I am certainly not going to reject the SD9 without even seeing or handling one simply because it bears the label 'Sigma' and not 'Canon' or 'Nikon'. Also, for the non-professional price does enter the equation and, therefore, I am very disappointed that the announced UK price of the D60 is £2200, since it is fairly clear that both the Nikon and Sigma will retail for less than £2000 (including VAT).

Terry.
SIGMA.

Turn over and go back to sleep!!
 
I was looking at reviews of Sigma lenses in Practical Photography. What struck me was the price - pros may regard them as cheap rubbish but they don't look cheap to me. I recently paid £170 for a vivitar zoom but I notice that some Sigma lenses are 4-5 times that price!
Yes, I know that one should buy 'the system' and not a one-off
body, but I very much doubt that Sigma are going to vanish
overnight and for the vast majority of enthusiastic amateurs the
quality and selection of lenses from Sigma (especially the EX
series) are perfectly adequate to meet their needs and
requirements. Before dismissing the Sigma SD9 let's await the
reviews and sample images.

I may not get an SD9, I may buy a Canon D60 or a Nikon D100, I
haven't decided yet, but I am certainly not going to reject the SD9
without even seeing or handling one simply because it bears the
label 'Sigma' and not 'Canon' or 'Nikon'. Also, for the
non-professional price does enter the equation and, therefore, I am
very disappointed that the announced UK price of the D60 is £2200,
since it is fairly clear that both the Nikon and Sigma will retail
for less than £2000 (including VAT).

Terry.
SIGMA.

Turn over and go back to sleep!!
 
DMillier,

Start comparing prices between a Sigma 400/500mm lens to a Nikon 400/500mm. The Sigma lens price is definitely a deal!

Personally, I am going to try some Sigma lenses. But first, I am getting two AFS Nikon lenses, maybe three. $11,000 for a zoom lens is out of my reach, except for winning the lottery, but a Sigma zoom is possible. --'I do just about everything in my CCDs...'The E-10 Club Message Board: http://pub57.ezboard.com/bthedigitaldinguscommunityMy Website: http://e10club.topcities.com/
 
The color signals in the Foveon chip will be anything but "pure" or "perfect". There will be a tremendous amount of crosstalk between the different colors. There are many factors that affect the absorption depth in silicon, i.e., local crystal quality and doping concentration, so separating the different colors as a function of thickness requires a fancy algorithm that is no different in complexity compared to the bayer color interpolation method. Foveon's simple explanation of the device operation is far from complete.
... The "purity of the Line" would be far superior with the Faveon
though, because it can "resolve" perfect colour at eack "pixel" or
"line element". In the bayer, you only have a red then blue then
green / green pixel, so if it was a "red line" you'd miss
resolution every 4 !! You can't MAKE UP what it was supposed to be
!!!
 
The color signals in the Foveon chip will be anything but "pure" or
"perfect". There will be a tremendous amount of crosstalk between
the different colors. There are many factors that affect the
absorption depth in silicon, i.e., local crystal quality and doping
concentration, so separating the different colors as a function of
thickness requires a fancy algorithm that is no different in
complexity compared to the bayer color interpolation method.
Foveon's simple explanation of the device operation is far from
complete.
You're right that there's more overlap than we see with color filters. There's quite a bit of overlap in our own eyes too, but we seem to manage. It's a fair issue to raise, but my guess is that it won't be a very serious one in practice - but that's just a guess.

In their patent, Foveon cites another Kodak patent that explains how to separate the colors. It's not fancy. It's a simple matrix multiplication (3x3 matrix by 3x1 vector). This is less than all but the absolute worst Bayer interpolation algorithms.

I do agree that either: 1) They will need great consistency in the depth of the layers in manufacturing or 2) They will need a different matrix for each pixel.

--Ron ParrFAQ: http://www.cs.duke.edu/~parr/photography/faq.htmlGallery: http://www.pbase.com/parr/
 
DMillier,

Start comparing prices between a Sigma 400/500mm lens to a Nikon
400/500mm. The Sigma lens price is definitely a deal!

Personally, I am going to try some Sigma lenses. But first, I am
getting two AFS Nikon lenses, maybe three. $11,000 for a zoom lens
is out of my reach, except for winning the lottery, but a Sigma
zoom is possible.
-------------------------------------------------------

I have one Sigma lens - 400mm f5.6. My other lenses are all Nikkors. I bought it for exactly that reason - PRICE. I paid about $400 for it, new, about a year ago when Henry's auctioned off a bunch of them on eBay. It's no Nikkor, but it's a decent, sharp, if slow lens. But like I said, it cost $400 - not $8000. One thing - it's not well sealed against moisture (says so right in the box) and that can be a problem if you live on planet earth. I have no idea how well Sigma's more expensive lenses are sealed, but this would be one of my concerns.

This isn't a problem if you are using it with a F80 because it is also poorly sealed. We had a heavy dumping of snow (80cm) a couple of weeks ago and I went out near the end of it to shoot. My F80 stopped functioning - some moisture got in under the dials on the top - not a lot, just a few flakes of snow, but that's all it took. It was fine a few hours later, but still.

I'm trading the F80 in for a F100 next week - it's certainly a more rugged camera. I also plan on buying the D100, but only if it's sealed like the F100, not the F80. $2000+ is a way too much to pay for a "sunny" day camera. I'll keep the Sigma though, it's definately a good value. Here's a shot I took with the F80 and the Sigma 400mm last fall: http://www.goldenbcphotography.com/0_most_recent/dogtooth.htm

Bill
 
I should add that there's probably at least one matrix multiplication that they're doing anyway for, e.g. colorspace conversion, so they can probably pre-multiply their conversion matrices by the correction matrix and not do any additional computation.

Of course, the only Foveon camera in the pipeline only saves on RAW, so all of this would be done on your PC...

--Ron ParrFAQ: http://www.cs.duke.edu/~parr/photography/faq.htmlGallery: http://www.pbase.com/parr/
 
You're right that there's more overlap than we see with color
filters. There's quite a bit of overlap in our own eyes too, but
we seem to manage.
We manage through post processing, taking lots of samples over time, and being tuned to largely ignore it when our eyes get it wrong (often). Colour is a compartively unimportant part of the human visual experience, and the contuned popularity of black and white photography is testament to this.

Foveon have made quite an impressive piece of technology, but I'm skeptical over the evangelists claims that it will revolutionise digital photography, particularly with everyone else playing the pixel-count game. When we look through the hype, what you hope to get from Foveon's sensor is better colour fidelity and better edge resolution. I don't think improved colour fidelity is going to provide enough of an advantage in the marketplace to give them a significant edge over the Bayer crowd (the fact is our eyes really don't care that much about colour).

Where their main advantage may lay is in the resolution department, but this may be less significant than many think or suggest. You point out often that the Foveon sensor will recover more luminance information than a Bayer sensor, other things being equal. This is true, but possibly less relevant than we might suppose, because this won't necessarilly translate into more detailed images for many subjects. What it will probably represent is fewer edge artifacts when high frequency transitions are involved.

Thing is though, the general public doesn't seem too bothered about edge artifacts. In fact, the popularity of cheap digicams which perform aggressive sharpening in-camera may well suggest that some actually like the artifacts, because it gives them a perception of a sharper photograph. I lose count of the number of times I've seen complaints about the D30's out-of-camera results precisely because they lack these edge artifacts. The images are commonly refered to as "soft" or "unsharp", even though the detail is there. Running an aggressive unsharp mask on a D30 image produces images with that characteristic digital, oversharpened look.
It's a fair issue to raise, but my guess is
that it won't be a very serious one in practice - but that's just a
guess.
I agree that it's unlikely to be a serious problem, with respect to final images, even if it does actually mean that its colour reproduction is poor, for the reasons stated above. This product may very well still fail in the marketplace though if, as it seems, people are happy to percieve a certain level of edge artifacts as being benign, or even desirable, and the other manufactures carry on ramping up the pixel count whilst Foveon languishes at 3.5 megapixels.

Foveon made their name produing high-end products for a niche market - if the general public does end up simply not caring about the extra fidelity an X3 sensor can provide, they may well end up staying there.

In closing, whether this technology succeeds or fails at large boils down to perceprion and marketing far more than it involves technology.

Foveon still have a big hill to climb.
 
The biggest problem with the Foveon CMOS is....

IT AIN'T IN A CANON or NIKON body!!

As for technical details about the 10.3 photoSITES (sites, not
pixels, folks). Here's my take.

Foveon/Sigma claim 10.3 photo sites compared to 3.1 actual pixels.
True, but photo sites don't necessarily give you equivalent
resolution of pixels, especially if they're stacked--each of the
three stacked sites can't resolve any additional luminance info
from the others in the same pixel.

The bigger point here I think is that a traditional Mosaic CCD is
undersampled by a factor of two in the green and three in the red
and blue channels. So the equivalent sampling of a 3.1 Mos CCD is
actually at best only 1.55 MP of real info (or 1.2 average RGB).
This is misleading - Bayer sensors can actually recover image information quite close to their pixel resolution, as the example below (D30) illustrates:

 
It is just that most people did not go through the reconstruction
mathematics
to realize how bad the problem is.
Yes, it's truly terrible. I hide all my photos away in shame so that no-one can ever see them. The 19*13 inch prints on my wall that I tell people are from my D30 are actually secretly shot with medium format film. How could I have been so stupid as to buy one of those dreadful Bayer cameras?

Drat, my secret's out!
 
We manage through post processing, taking lots of samples over
time, and being tuned to largely ignore it when our eyes get it
wrong (often). Colour is a compartively unimportant part of the
human visual experience, and the contuned popularity of black and
white photography is testament to this.
Agreed.
Foveon have made quite an impressive piece of technology, but I'm
skeptical over the evangelists claims that it will revolutionise
digital photography, particularly with everyone else playing the
pixel-count game. When we look through the hype, what you hope to
get from Foveon's sensor is better colour fidelity and better edge
resolution. I don't think improved colour fidelity is going to
provide enough of an advantage in the marketplace to give them a
significant edge over the Bayer crowd (the fact is our eyes really
don't care that much about colour).
I more or less agree with this too.
Where their main advantage may lay is in the resolution department,
but this may be less significant than many think or suggest. You
point out often that the Foveon sensor will recover more luminance
information than a Bayer sensor, other things being equal. This is
true, but possibly less relevant than we might suppose, because
this won't necessarilly translate into more detailed images for
many subjects. What it will probably represent is fewer edge
artifacts when high frequency transitions are involved.
There will be edge artifacts and there will also be blurring of detail in varying degrees, depending upon the interpolation algorithm used.
Thing is though, the general public doesn't seem too bothered about
edge artifacts. In fact, the popularity of cheap digicams which
perform aggressive sharpening in-camera may well suggest that some
actually like the artifacts, because it gives them a perception
of a sharper photograph. I lose count of the number of times I've
seen complaints about the D30's out-of-camera results precisely
because they lack these edge artifacts. The images are commonly
refered to as "soft" or "unsharp", even though the detail is there.
Running an aggressive unsharp mask on a D30 image produces images
with that characteristic digital, oversharpened look.
Edge artifacts influence our percpeption of sharpness and detail. People like sharpened images because they have a very specific kind of edge artifact. I don't think corresponds well with Bayer interpolation artifacts or with the softening of detail that Bayer interpolation can produce.
In closing, whether this technology succeeds or fails at large
boils down to perceprion and marketing far more than it involves
technology.

Foveon still have a big hill to climb.
If it produces good pictures, then this will go a long way towards overcoming these obstacles. However, I do agree in general that there will be many obstacles to overcome, some engineering, some marketing.

--Ron ParrFAQ: http://www.cs.duke.edu/~parr/photography/faq.htmlGallery: http://www.pbase.com/parr/
 

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