The popular wisdom on this forum calls it dust. I have a nagging
suspicion that this type of spot would more adequtely be referred
to as stain. (In fact, I am yet to come across a serious
discussion of different types of sensor contamination.) So I would
guess it would be difficult to remove by mechanical means alone.
It could be dust or it could be a stain. If normal sensor cleaning
methods don't remove it, that doesn't mean it's not dust, by the
way. At the size particle we're looking at, and with the smoothness
of the glass, the van der Waals forces can become very significant.
Think of a gecko climbing a sheet of glass. The same forces are
involved. Of course it could also be a chemical adhesion or
something else. The point is, I don't think you can rule out dust
based upon this picture.