Body and Design

The X100 is a gorgeous-looking camera, no matter what angle you look at it from. It has much the same kind of 'real camera' appeal as the Leica M9, and will doubtless draw more than its fair share of admirers on appearance alone. There's nothing inherently wrong with that, either; plenty of people, after all, are willing to choose a car as much on its looks as anything else, just as long as there's substance behind the style.

The build quality is superb. The top and base plates are die-cast using lightweight, high-strength magnesium alloy, and all the controls and dials are milled from solid metal. Some plastic makes an appearance on the back, of course, for the buttons and four-way controller/rear dial, and it’s also used for the battery/SD compartment door, but overall the X100 gives a rare impression of solidity. Indeed of all current digital cameras, arguably only the Leica M9 can challenge the X100 for its sheer build quality and beauty as an object.

The X100 uses a distinctly traditional control layout, clearly inspired by fully-mechanical compacts from the 1960s and '70s, with top-plate dials for shutter speed and exposure compensation, plus aperture and manual focus rings around the lens barrel. The shutter button is even threaded for a good old-fashioned mechanical cable release, and the rangefinder-esque layout is completed by the big, bright finder at the top corner of the body. Of course these controls aren't at all the same as those on a Leica M6 (for example), because they're electronic rather than manual, but on the whole the illusion works pretty well.

What's perhaps most impressive about the X100, however, is the way Fujifilm has managed to build a high quality EVF into a relatively compact body. This is by itself is an achievement, that's all-too-easy to overlook in the excitement of the finder being 'hybrid'. But it gives the lie, once and for all, to the idea that cameras with built-in EVFs need to look like miniature SLRs, complete with faux pentaprism 'hump'. It would be nice to see the manufacturers of mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras following this direction, 'folding' an EVF's optical path within a slimline body design.

Hybrid Viewfinder

The X100’s trump card is undoubtedly its unique, newly-designed 'hybrid' viewfinder that combines a conventional direct-vision optical viewfinder with an electronic viewfinder (if you prefer, you can also frame your shots using the 2.8" rear LCD, like any other compact camera). The diagram below illustrates how it works.

The EVF is a state-of-the art 1,440,000 dot unit, similar to that used by Olympus in its VF-2 accessory finder for the Pen series. It's large, bright and detailed, and offers all the usual advantages of an EVF, such as true 100% frame coverage, the ability to accurately preview exposure and depth of field, image magnification for critical manual focus, and the overlay of a wide range of useful information such as a live histogram. It can also 'gain up' in low light to give clearer viewing for more critical composition, although at the expense of slowing the refresh rate.

The optical viewfinder is a large, bright 'reverse galilean' design that has most of the advantages loved by rangefinder users - most importantly the sense of immediacy and connection to the scene engendered by real time-viewing. It also shows a wider angle of view than the lens itself, which allows you to keep an eye on objects that are just outside the frame.

The big difference, however, is that the EVF display is also used to overlay data when using the optical viewfinder (such as shutter speed, aperture, ISO etc). This gives the photographer much more information about what the camera is doing than conventional optical viewfinders could ever do. For example, you can display a live histogram, or move the active focus area around the frame to line it up with the subject, eliminating any need to focus and recompose. On the downside, though, there's no manual focus aid, aside from a distance scale that includes a depth of field indication.

Fujifilm’s viewfinder magnification and coverage specifications are a little vague and have been the subject of some confusion, so let’s clear this up. The optical viewfinder has a magnification of 0.5x, which given the 35mm-equivalent angle of view means it's about the same size as that on a typical full-frame DSLR, or the latest high-quality EVFs on cameras such as the Panasonic G2 or Sony Alpha 55.

The optical finder's viewable area covers a substantially wider angle than the lens’s field of view, and within it is projected a white frameline that covers approximately 90% of the frame. This conservative approach will be familiar to rangefinder users – it’s designed to ensure that everything within the frameline should be the final image area, regardless of parallax errors between the lens and viewfinder, or any change in the lens’s angle of view with focus distance. In contrast, the EVF offers 100% coverage, at approximately the same magnification.

	The viewfinder window has a diopter adjustment dial on the left of the eyepiece, and an eye sensor on the right. The camera can use the latter to automatically switch between the eye-level finder and rear LCD.
	This lever on the front plate toggles the eye-level finder between optical and electronic mode. It's ideally placed for operation by your right index finger. The yellow dot next to it is an autofocus illuminator lamp (which can be turned off), and the small black dot is one half of the stereo microphone for movie recording.
	In EVF mode, this shutter pops up to mask of the optical finder. (Despite appearances in this picture, it's not right in front of the viewfinder window, but behind the front glass.)

Lens

At the heart of the X100 lies its fixed 23mm F2 lens, which offers the same moderately-wide angle of view as a 35mm lens on a full-frame camera. This is considered by many to be a classic focal length: wide enough to get plenty of context in the frame, but not so wide as to obviously distort objects towards the corners of the image.

The lens is optically complex for a prime - 8 elements in 6 groups, including a dual-sided aspherical element - yet due to the use of a customized sensor with offset microlenses towards the edge of the frame, the camera is still relatively slim, despite the fast F2 maximum aperture. Indeed the X100 is similar in thickness to the smallest interchangeable lens cameras such as the Sony NEX-5 and Panasonic GF2 fitted with their smallest pancake primes.

The focus ring isn't mechanically coupled to the lens's focus group, but is instead 'focus-by-wire'. In principle the system is geared such that fast rotation changes the focus distance rapidly, while slow rotation allows for very fine adjustments. But while this makes for high precision MF, but does mean that multiple complete turns of the focus ring are required to cover the full distance range. It's not the most responsive manual focus system we've ever used, to be honest - it can feel rather laggy and slow - but it is accurate.

	The slim manual focus ring has a ridged metal grip that's 5mm wide. The lens focuses by moving the front optical group forward, such that at minimum focus it extends a couple of millimetres beyond the silver-coloured surround.
	The aperture diaphragm is a rather lovely unit with 9 curved blades, which manages to stay almost completely circular at all settings (in this shot it's stopped down to F4). In principle this should help render out-of-focus backgrounds more attractively.
	With the camera switched off, the X100's in-lens shutter is clearly visible. It makes the camera exceptionally quiet in use, and allows flash sync at high speeds - up to 1/2000 sec.
	Disappointingly, though, the X100 doesn't accept filters directly. You have to unscrew this ring at the front of the lens, then change it for an optional extra that has a 49mm thread. This gets full marks for style - it helps make the camera so very pretty - but precisely zero for substance. For a camera that has 'professional' aspirations we'd at least expect to get the filter ring in the box. What you do get, though, is a finely crafted - if bulky - push-on metal cap.
	This is the accessory adapter / lens hood set. The filter adapter has a 49mm thread on the inside, and a bayonet mount for the hood on the outside. Both adapter and hood are finely sculpted from aluminium, with matte black insides. Note that filters with threads deeper than about 2mm can block the lens from focusing in macro mode; the camera will display an error message.
	Here's the X100 looking handsome with the adapter and hood in place. Note that the hood won't reverse for storage, and the lens cap won't fit comfortably over the filter adapter either.