A Marcus

How the guide number is derived: In a typical room with moderate colored walls and white ceiling, make a series of test shots. Perhaps set the ISO to 100 and fire off a frame at each full f-stop ...

With few exceptions, the images we make with the camera are comprised of multitudes of tiny image fragments. In the case of traditional films and prints, these are clumps of metallic silver or ...

1975 the Minolta flash meter.

Exposure determination when using a flash is problematic. This is true because there are lots of variables. In the old days, we depended on guide numbers, there were no flash meters or camera ...

The UV filter mainly lines the pockets of sellers of photo apparatus. The UV filter's heyday was in the era of film. Photo films are highly sensitive to UV, violet, and blue. Light rays from ...

This camera is quite decent and far exceeds your needs. The problem is simply operator error. The first thing you should do is, read the manual. We fit lenses to cameras based on the task at hand. ...

In photography, exposure accuracy and repeatability of the settings that control exposure is basic to obtaining a faithful reproduction. Not an easy task because there are plethora of lenses with ...

@tim21 -- The focal length is that distance from the rear nodal of the lens to the focused projected image when the lens/camera is imaging an object at an infinite distance (as far as the eye can ...

We make associations, one format to another by finding the corner-to-corner measure (diagonal) of both formats and dividing, The results of this division is the so-called crop factor ...

Mostly you are familiar with "negative" photo film. When we expose and then develop negative film, we get an image that is the opposite of realty. In other words, what is white and bright in ...

Focus problem: First make sure you are focusing. When using the eyelevel viewfinder, there is a small serrated wheel adjacent to the eyepiece. Turn this wheel as you peer at numbers and frame ...

You will likely be disappointed if you buy a +1. Most likely the revised object distnace will be 1 to 2 diopter distance lens to subject. This will be about 1000mm thur 500mm. Mount a +2, the ...

I think you should first try a 12mm tube. With the zoom set to 70mm, you can now close focus on a subject 2 feet (610mm). Such a lash-up makes pleasing close-up work. Another approach is to mount ...

When you take a picture using flash, the exposing light is a product of the flash; its color differs from the ambient light that illumines the scene. You see the subject via the ambient light; the ...

Sometimes we get lost in the minutia. Focal length determines the size of the image; the longer the focal length, the larger the image. The image of objects produced by a 100mm lens will be twice ...

The optical industry uses the focal ratio (f-stop) as a measure of how much light energy one lens produces as compared to another. A giant lens 1 meter in diameter with a focal lenght of 10 ...

The f-stop is a ratio. A ratio is dimensionless. The f-stop is universal. The f-stop does not change format to format. The reason for the f-stop system, it allows us to pass exposure information ...

An f-stop is a 2x (double or half) change to the light energy of the exposure. The f-stop number set is: 1 – 1.4 – 2 – 2.8 – 4 – 5.6 – 8 – 11 – 16 - 22. Note each number going left is an aperture ...

The ideal travel camera is a point-and-shoot with a zoom lens. Most all high-end models have several modes. They all do a great job. Some have GPS. This is a great feature. Image files have ...

A 0.71 speed booster alters the focal length of the lens it is mated with. Thus the 35mm focal length lens becomes 35 x 0.71 = 21.81mm let’s say the final focal length is about 22mm. The original ...