It was not fixed in the current version, Photoshop 25.
The only way I could find to fix it was to uninstall PS 25 with Adobe Creative Cloud (leaving the current version of Bridge installed) & then reinstall it, again from Creative Cloud. It then worked as it should, i.e. Bridge opens from Photoshops file menu.
Quite unbelievable how such a basic & fundamental feature, that has been working fine for years, can suddenly be fouled up.
Says a lot about Adobe quality control. I assume there is more than one man & his dog writing & testing the program nowadays?